• 95 •:@0.847517:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.847517:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.659223:0.071740:0.672095:0.071740:0.672095:0.055694:0.659223:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第四章 自由民主理性批判:@0.672095:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.672095:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.723582:0.073066:0.732163:0.073066:0.732163:0.057020:0.723582:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
 :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.004291
推动工业革命的企业得以继续发展，他们都是当时的英雄。所以说，一个人的热情和:@0.135135:0.119342:0.881255:0.119342:0.881255:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
智慧，足以改变世界。在思想文化领域，那些改变人们观念与信仰的哲学家、思想家:@0.135135:0.143897:0.881097:0.143897:0.881097:0.127812:0.135135:0.127812:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020025:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
和文化大师灿若星辰，而政治家改变世界面貌和历史进程的也是不胜枚举。只不过我:@0.135135:0.168451:0.881125:0.168451:0.881125:0.152367:0.135135:0.152367:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
们常常容易接受科学家、思想家改变世界历史的事实，而不承认政治家也发挥过这种:@0.135135:0.193006:0.881125:0.193006:0.881125:0.176922:0.135135:0.176922:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
历史作用。其实，自然科学与社会科学都是科学，后者往往更难学习和把握。:@0.135135:0.217561:0.815902:0.217561:0.815902:0.201477:0.135135:0.201477:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
帕斯卡尔当年说：“我们为什么要服从多数人的意见？是因为他们更合理吗？不:@0.175676:0.242116:0.881272:0.242116:0.881272:0.226031:0.175676:0.226031:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020023
是，是因为他们更强而有力。”他这话是针对法国的政治说的，也是对一般意义上的:@0.135135:0.266671:0.881097:0.266671:0.881097:0.250586:0.135135:0.250586:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
多数而言的。民主国家的政客之所以要服从多数，并不是真的尊重多数，是因为他害:@0.135135:0.291225:0.881255:0.291225:0.881255:0.275141:0.135135:0.275141:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
怕多数，不是因为多数更合理，而是因为多数“强而有力”，他的政治命运操在多数:@0.135135:0.315780:0.881017:0.315780:0.881017:0.299696:0.135135:0.299696:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020105:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
选民手里，因而他的决策不是看全体国民的整体利益和长远利益，而是看能否赢得最:@0.135135:0.340335:0.881125:0.340335:0.881125:0.324250:0.135135:0.324250:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
大多数的选票，是否对他连任有利。中国的集中民主，重在整合民意，集中正确意见，:@0.135135:0.364890:0.891092:0.364890:0.891092:0.348805:0.135135:0.348805:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018799:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
体现全体人民的整体利益和长远利益，从不屈从于任何所谓多数，更不会为任何利益:@0.135135:0.389444:0.881125:0.389444:0.881125:0.373360:0.135135:0.373360:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
集团所左右，所以它容易形成正确决策。:@0.135135:0.413999:0.495541:0.413999:0.495541:0.397915:0.135135:0.397915:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
当代许多重大问题不是通过多数人的决议就能解决的，而是需要集中权力与资源，:@0.175676:0.438554:0.891093:0.438554:0.891093:0.422469:0.175676:0.422469:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.014628:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
而能够集中权力和资源的，也只有少数人。决定美国政治走向的，只是占有社会:@0.135135:0.463109:0.839398:0.463109:0.839398:0.447024:0.135135:0.447024:0.020133:0.020133:0.020143:0.020133:0.020133:0.020133:0.020133:0.020133:0.020143:0.020133:0.020023:0.020133:0.020133:0.020133:0.020143:0.020133:0.020133:0.020023:0.020133:0.020133:0.020143:0.020133:0.020133:0.020133:0.020133:0.020133:0.020143:0.020023:0.020133:0.020133:0.020133:0.020133:0.020133:0.020143:0.020023
99%:@0.844374:0.464149:0.881075:0.464149:0.881075:0.445429:0.844374:0.445429:0.010011:0.010011:0.016679
财富的:@0.135135:0.487664:0.195203:0.487664:0.195203:0.471579:0.135135:0.471579:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
1%:@0.200088:0.488704:0.226778:0.488704:0.226778:0.469983:0.200088:0.469983:0.010011:0.016679
的精英而已，在中国，中国共产党是全中国的领导核心。权力同财富一样，:@0.231664:0.487664:0.891074:0.487664:0.891074:0.471579:0.231664:0.471579:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019578:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019578:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019578:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
永远集中在少数人手里。所以，人类永远是少数人说了算。但不等于说这少数人不听:@0.135135:0.512218:0.881255:0.512218:0.881255:0.496134:0.135135:0.496134:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
多数人的意见。不是。任何组织、任何政党都有“关键少数”，关键人物总是少数，:@0.135135:0.536773:0.881281:0.536773:0.881281:0.520689:0.135135:0.520689:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020109:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020023
集中也只能有这个关键少数来执行。这是客观事实，也是执政规律。所以民主的发展，:@0.135135:0.561328:0.891092:0.561328:0.891092:0.545243:0.135135:0.545243:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
必定从原初的简单的少数服从多数，转向少数集中多数、多数服从少数的方向发展。:@0.135135:0.585883:0.881255:0.585883:0.881255:0.569798:0.135135:0.569798:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
这就是集中民主。:@0.135135:0.610438:0.295315:0.610438:0.295315:0.594353:0.135135:0.594353:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
《联合国宪章》规定“凡非程序性决议案，必须得到安理会:@0.175676:0.634992:0.695952:0.634992:0.695952:0.618908:0.175676:0.618908:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019918:0.020023:0.019918:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019921:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
15:@0.700927:0.636032:0.720950:0.636032:0.720950:0.617312:0.700927:0.617312:0.010011:0.010011
个理事国中至少:@0.725935:0.634992:0.866093:0.634992:0.866093:0.618908:0.725935:0.618908:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
9:@0.871079:0.636032:0.881090:0.636032:0.881090:0.617312:0.871079:0.617312:0.010011
票以上赞成，并且 个常任理事国中没有一国投反对票才能通过。”这里含有两点：第一，:@0.135135:0.659547:0.891078:0.659547:0.891078:0.643462:0.135135:0.643462:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.010035:0.020023:0.020023:0.015013:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.010035:0.010035:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015029:0.015029:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
5:@0.287827:0.660587:0.297838:0.660587:0.297838:0.641867:0.287827:0.641867:0.010011
既坚持少数服从多数的原则（:@0.135135:0.684102:0.397631:0.684102:0.397631:0.668017:0.135135:0.668017:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020023:0.020023
15:@0.397631:0.685142:0.417653:0.685142:0.417653:0.666422:0.397631:0.666422:0.010011:0.010011
个理事国中至少:@0.422699:0.684102:0.564058:0.684102:0.564058:0.668017:0.422699:0.668017:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020023
9:@0.569124:0.685142:0.579135:0.685142:0.579135:0.666422:0.569124:0.666422:0.010011
票以上赞成，即:@0.584201:0.684102:0.725360:0.684102:0.725360:0.668017:0.584201:0.668017:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020023:0.020223:0.020023
9:@0.730425:0.685142:0.740437:0.685142:0.740437:0.666422:0.730425:0.666422:0.010011
∶ ）；第二，:@0.745482:0.684102:0.881095:0.684102:0.881095:0.668017:0.745482:0.668017:0.020023:0.015077:0.020023:0.020223:0.020223:0.020023:0.020023
6:@0.770570:0.685142:0.780582:0.685142:0.780582:0.666422:0.770570:0.666422:0.010011
又给少数服从多数设限（ 个常任理事国中没有一国投反对票），也即:@0.135135:0.708657:0.746359:0.708657:0.746359:0.692572:0.135135:0.692572:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018649:0.020023:0.014669:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018649:0.018649:0.020023:0.020023
5:@0.354010:0.709697:0.364021:0.709697:0.364021:0.690976:0.354010:0.690976:0.010011
1=0:@0.751028:0.709697:0.782344:0.709697:0.782344:0.690976:0.751028:0.690976:0.010011:0.011293:0.010011
。就是说，:@0.782344:0.708657:0.881083:0.708657:0.881083:0.692572:0.782344:0.692572:0.018649:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
少数服从多数也有界限，也有不可跨越的雷池，越过雷池就要多数服从少数。物极必反。:@0.135135:0.733211:0.891092:0.733211:0.891092:0.717127:0.135135:0.717127:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
反之亦然，多数服从少数越过一定界限也会开历史倒车，导致独裁和法西斯主义。看:@0.135135:0.757766:0.881255:0.757766:0.881255:0.741682:0.135135:0.741682:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
看我们从小就背得出的载入党章的我们党的组织原则：少数服从多数，个人服从组织，:@0.135135:0.782321:0.891092:0.782321:0.891092:0.766236:0.135135:0.766236:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.018799:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017572:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
下级服从上级，全党服从中央。仔细看看，这里，除了少数服从多数这一句外，其他:@0.135135:0.806876:0.880935:0.806876:0.880935:0.790791:0.135135:0.790791:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
实际上都是多数服从少数。:@0.135135:0.831431:0.375406:0.831431:0.375406:0.815346:0.135135:0.815346:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
不管怎么说，我们必须承认一个事实，这个事实就是，世上多数事不是少数服从:@0.175676:0.855985:0.880810:0.855985:0.880810:0.839901:0.175676:0.839901:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
多数，而是多数服从少数。当然，这不是绝对真理，如同少数服从多数一样，跟真理:@0.135135:0.880540:0.880935:0.880540:0.880935:0.864456:0.135135:0.864456:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
没有必然联系。实际工作中，是用少数服从多数还是多数服从少数，拟或兼顾多数与:@0.135135:0.905095:0.881255:0.905095:0.881255:0.889010:0.135135:0.889010:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023