• 115 •:@0.840456:0.946969:0.881081:0.946969:0.881081:0.932706:0.840456:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007063:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.277365:0.071740:0.290237:0.071740:0.290237:0.055694:0.277365:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第五章 集中民主的理性论证 —集中民主的自然性、合理性、必要性和必然性:@0.290237:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.290237:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.004291:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.341723:0.073066:0.350304:0.073066:0.350304:0.057020:0.341723:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
 :@0.504764:0.073066:0.509055:0.073066:0.509055:0.057020:0.504764:0.057020:0.004291
 :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.004291
第五章  集中民主的理性论证:@0.295228:0.187553:0.720987:0.187553:0.720987:0.159687:0.295228:0.159687:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.010709:0.010709:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.034324
 :@0.720303:0.187553:0.731699:0.187553:0.731699:0.159687:0.720303:0.159687:0.011396
—:@0.137749:0.223739:0.206397:0.223739:0.206397:0.195872:0.137749:0.195872:0.068649
集中民主的自然性、合理性、必要性和必然性:@0.205025:0.223739:0.878468:0.223739:0.878468:0.195872:0.205025:0.195872:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.033638:0.034324
一、集中民主是人类活动的一般规律:@0.172973:0.287815:0.539100:0.287815:0.539100:0.269498:0.172973:0.269498:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883
集中民主是从中国的民主实践中抽象出来的，反映了人类社会政治活动和管理实:@0.175676:0.322492:0.881090:0.322492:0.881090:0.306407:0.175676:0.306407:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
践的普遍性，是人类活动的一般规律。:@0.135135:0.347822:0.475518:0.347822:0.475518:0.331738:0.135135:0.331738:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
（一）集中民主是人类社会关系中的天然存在和自然需求:@0.172973:0.374797:0.697373:0.374797:0.697373:0.357021:0.172973:0.357021:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976
马克思说，人是社会关系的总和。生在社会，人与人之间有各种各样的社会关系，:@0.175676:0.398483:0.891093:0.398483:0.891093:0.382399:0.175676:0.382399:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018225:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018225:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018225:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
有工作生产关系，有亲戚朋友关系，有父子母女关系，还有种种组织关系（这种组织:@0.135135:0.423814:0.881095:0.423814:0.881095:0.407729:0.135135:0.407729:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
小到家庭，中到工作单位，大到国家社会），等等。由于分工和角色的不同，每个人:@0.135135:0.449145:0.880857:0.449145:0.880857:0.433060:0.135135:0.433060:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020107:0.020021:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
既有个人的特殊利益，又有集体的共同利益，为了实现个人特殊利益和集体的共同利:@0.135135:0.474475:0.881125:0.474475:0.881125:0.458390:0.135135:0.458390:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
益与需要，人们自然需要交流与沟通、协调与合作，组织与领导，以求达到个人与集:@0.135135:0.499806:0.881095:0.499806:0.881095:0.483721:0.135135:0.483721:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
体的统一，客观上需要有一个协调与集中的组织机构或个人，这也就天然地存在着集:@0.135135:0.525136:0.881125:0.525136:0.881125:0.509052:0.135135:0.509052:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
中与民主的关系，这种关系体现在每一个社会组织中。在一个家庭，孩子和父母都会:@0.135135:0.550467:0.881255:0.550467:0.881255:0.534382:0.135135:0.534382:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
各有自己的打算和要求，为了家庭的兴旺发达，为了每一个家庭成员自由而全面的发:@0.135135:0.575797:0.881125:0.575797:0.881125:0.559713:0.135135:0.559713:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
展，家长总要听取每一个家庭成员的意见，或考虑每一个家庭成员的需要，然后集中:@0.135135:0.601128:0.881255:0.601128:0.881255:0.585043:0.135135:0.585043:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
家庭资源一一满足。在一个工厂，员工有什么建议、意见或要求，通过组织，一级级:@0.135135:0.626458:0.880935:0.626458:0.880935:0.610374:0.135135:0.610374:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
反映到厂里，厂部就是企业这个社会协调与集中的组织机构，厂长就是一家之主，为:@0.135135:0.651789:0.881255:0.651789:0.881255:0.635704:0.135135:0.635704:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
了企业的兴旺发达，厂长就需要集思广益，集中全厂职工的主张、智慧和力量，实现:@0.135135:0.677120:0.881095:0.677120:0.881095:0.661035:0.135135:0.661035:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
企业与员工的共同发展。同理，在一个国家，政府就是这个社会协调与集中的组织机:@0.135135:0.702450:0.881255:0.702450:0.881255:0.686366:0.135135:0.686366:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
构，国家更需要集中民主。总之，人类既离不开组织，离不开社会，离不开分工与交往、:@0.135135:0.727781:0.891092:0.727781:0.891092:0.711696:0.135135:0.711696:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
合作与协调，就离不开集中民主，这是民主本身的固有逻辑，也是社会关系向前发展:@0.135135:0.753111:0.881255:0.753111:0.881255:0.737027:0.135135:0.737027:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
的固有逻辑。:@0.135135:0.778442:0.255270:0.778442:0.255270:0.762357:0.135135:0.762357:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
任何概念、范畴既是实践的产物，也是历史的产物。集中与民主这两个概念是涉:@0.175676:0.803773:0.880810:0.803773:0.880810:0.787688:0.175676:0.787688:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
及哲学、政治学、社会学、管理学、决策科学等诸多领域人与人、群与群、领导与群众、:@0.135135:0.829103:0.891092:0.829103:0.891092:0.813018:0.135135:0.813018:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015870:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015868:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015870:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015868:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015870:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015868:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
上级与下级、管理者与被管理者、统治者与被统治者这一对立关系的最一般的概念，:@0.135135:0.854434:0.881255:0.854434:0.881255:0.838349:0.135135:0.838349:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
而由“集中”与“民主”合成的“集中民主”，则是对整个管理过程和决策过程，作:@0.135135:0.879764:0.881275:0.879764:0.881275:0.863680:0.135135:0.863680:0.020203:0.020021:0.020203:0.020203:0.020109:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020111:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020111:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020023
出了最一般的抽象的规定，是最简单最一般的范畴，由于它最一般，因此，它或多或:@0.135135:0.905095:0.881095:0.905095:0.881095:0.889010:0.135135:0.889010:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023