• 116 •:@0.118919:0.946969:0.159544:0.946969:0.159544:0.932706:0.118919:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007063:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
On Centralized Democracy —Taking China as an Example:@0.179757:0.081230:0.450417:0.081230:0.450417:0.070402:0.179757:0.070402:0.008261:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005080:0.005721:0.003181:0.004451:0.005721:0.003181:0.003181:0.004451:0.005080:0.005721:0.002860:0.008261:0.005080:0.008261:0.005721:0.005080:0.004451:0.005721:0.005080:0.005080:0.002860:0.010171:0.005310:0.005721:0.005080:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005721:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.005721:0.004451:0.002860:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.006991:0.005080:0.005721:0.008261:0.005721:0.003181:0.005080
论集中民主——以中国为例:@0.118811:0.070987:0.324757:0.070987:0.324757:0.057677:0.118811:0.057677:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
少适用于一切社会形式，所以能够超越一切时代、一切党派、一切意识形态而永远存在。:@0.118919:0.119342:0.874876:0.119342:0.874876:0.103257:0.118919:0.103257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
集中代表上，民主代表下，集中代表领导，民主代表群众，集中代表少数，民主代表:@0.118919:0.143897:0.864719:0.143897:0.864719:0.127812:0.118919:0.127812:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
多数，集中代表决策，民主代表基础，这个合成反映了二者固有的相互关系和内在联系，:@0.118919:0.168451:0.874876:0.168451:0.874876:0.152367:0.118919:0.152367:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
它们是对立的统一，是对民主过程的科学的概括和抽象，而不是个别的侧面。我个人:@0.118919:0.193006:0.865039:0.193006:0.865039:0.176922:0.118919:0.176922:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
认为，就管理和决策的属性和方法论来说，集中民主是人类民主的永久的自然形态，:@0.118919:0.217561:0.865039:0.217561:0.865039:0.201477:0.118919:0.201477:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
在所有社会形式中都存在，:@0.118919:0.242116:0.360703:0.242116:0.360703:0.226031:0.118919:0.226031:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020024:0.020023
—:@0.360994:0.242116:0.401039:0.242116:0.401039:0.226031:0.360994:0.226031:0.040045
从最古老的氏族社会，到最先进的现代社会:@0.401189:0.242116:0.784191:0.242116:0.784191:0.226031:0.401189:0.226031:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
—:@0.784475:0.242116:0.824520:0.242116:0.824520:0.226031:0.784475:0.226031:0.040045
都适:@0.824670:0.242116:0.864865:0.242116:0.864865:0.226031:0.824670:0.226031:0.020173:0.020023
用，它就像普照的光，只要有领导与群众，就有集中民主；只要有管理者和被管理者，:@0.118919:0.266671:0.874876:0.266671:0.874876:0.250586:0.118919:0.250586:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018799:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019410:0.019410:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
就有集中民主；只要有社会，就有集中民主，即使到了共产主义也还是需要集中民主。:@0.118919:0.291225:0.874876:0.291225:0.874876:0.275141:0.118919:0.275141:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
集中民主是集中与民主、治人者与治于人者、管理者与被管理、统治者与被统治者的:@0.118919:0.315780:0.865039:0.315780:0.865039:0.299696:0.118919:0.299696:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
天然统一。:@0.118919:0.340335:0.219032:0.340335:0.219032:0.324250:0.118919:0.324250:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
（二）集中民主是民主的必然形式，是一个符合逻辑的自然过程 :@0.156757:0.366534:0.749329:0.366534:0.749329:0.348758:0.156757:0.348758:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.005244
我们知道，民主的本义和实质是人民当家做主。问题是人民怎么当家作主，怎样:@0.159460:0.389444:0.864593:0.389444:0.864593:0.373360:0.159460:0.373360:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
才能实现人民当家作主？人民作为一个整体，在全国施行统治是很难做到的。如何使:@0.118919:0.413999:0.865039:0.413999:0.865039:0.397915:0.118919:0.397915:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
人民走到社会政治的前台来实施对国家的管理？总不能所有人民一齐上吧！也不能像:@0.118919:0.438554:0.864909:0.438554:0.864909:0.422469:0.118919:0.422469:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
古希腊那样全体公民在广场上投票表决对吧。这就要有代表，区区有代表，层层有代表，:@0.118919:0.463109:0.874876:0.463109:0.874876:0.447024:0.118919:0.447024:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
一直到最高层，最后总要有一个人来总结来集中大家的意见和主张不是？这就是集中。:@0.118919:0.487664:0.874876:0.487664:0.874876:0.471579:0.118919:0.471579:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015123:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
可见，所谓民主，人民当家做主，最终必定是集中民主，即集中人民的主张，为人民:@0.118919:0.512218:0.864719:0.512218:0.864719:0.496134:0.118919:0.496134:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
当家作主。这是一个必然的程式，是一个符合逻辑的过程。人民人数众多，人人参与:@0.118919:0.536773:0.864879:0.536773:0.864879:0.520689:0.118919:0.520689:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
决策根本不可能，也没有效率。民主，是人民当家作主，但不是人人都做主，是由人:@0.118919:0.561328:0.864719:0.561328:0.864719:0.545243:0.118919:0.545243:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
民代表代表人民做主。如何代表，这就需要集中。人民并不是经常亲自行使主权，不:@0.118919:0.585883:0.864879:0.585883:0.864879:0.569798:0.118919:0.569798:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
论在立法、行政还是司法方面，在任何情况下都是如此，即使是最重要的选举权，也:@0.118919:0.610438:0.864879:0.610438:0.864879:0.594353:0.118919:0.594353:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
只有在选举当天亲自行使。人民主权只能由人民选出的政府以人民的名义来行使，代:@0.118919:0.634992:0.864901:0.634992:0.864901:0.618908:0.118919:0.618908:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020024:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020023
表人民管理国家。我国宪法明确规定国家一切权力属于人民，人民行使权力的机关是:@0.118919:0.659547:0.864909:0.659547:0.864909:0.643462:0.118919:0.643462:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
由人民代表组成的人民代表大会，人民代表大会由人民选举产生，代表人民行使国家:@0.118919:0.684102:0.864909:0.684102:0.864909:0.668017:0.118919:0.668017:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
权力。中华人民共和国国务院即是中央人民政府，中央人民政府和各级人民政府是全:@0.118919:0.708657:0.864909:0.708657:0.864909:0.692572:0.118919:0.692572:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
国人民代表大会和各级人民代表大会的执行机关。:@0.118919:0.733211:0.559415:0.733211:0.559415:0.717127:0.118919:0.717127:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
大家试想一下：如果在:@0.159460:0.757766:0.363689:0.757766:0.363689:0.741682:0.159460:0.741682:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020023:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020023
14:@0.368775:0.758806:0.388798:0.758806:0.388798:0.740086:0.368775:0.740086:0.010011:0.010011
亿人的中国人中选一个代表他们的发言人，这个发言:@0.393923:0.757766:0.864954:0.757766:0.864954:0.741682:0.393923:0.741682:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020023:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020023
人应该怎么办？:@0.118919:0.782321:0.261740:0.782321:0.261740:0.766236:0.118919:0.766236:0.020553:0.020553:0.020553:0.020553:0.020563:0.020023:0.020023
14:@0.266866:0.783361:0.286888:0.783361:0.286888:0.764641:0.266866:0.764641:0.010011:0.010011
亿人同一个观点？不可能！同一个诉求？也不可能。这个发言人:@0.292034:0.782321:0.864899:0.782321:0.864899:0.766236:0.292034:0.766236:0.020553:0.020553:0.020553:0.020553:0.020563:0.020553:0.020023:0.020553:0.020553:0.020553:0.020023:0.020553:0.020553:0.020553:0.020563:0.020553:0.020023:0.020553:0.020553:0.020553:0.020553:0.020023:0.020553:0.020553:0.020553:0.020563:0.020553:0.020023
代表谁？左、中、还是右？还能每次发言都来一个全民公投？不可能吧！他只能集中:@0.118919:0.806876:0.864887:0.806876:0.864887:0.790791:0.118919:0.790791:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020020:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023
各方面的意见和诉求，然后综合各方面的情况，统筹兼顾，决定选择怎么说，怎么办。:@0.118919:0.831431:0.874876:0.831431:0.874876:0.815346:0.118919:0.815346:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018799:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
只能选择代表全中国最大多数人的整体利益、根本利益和长远利益，只能是集中民主，:@0.118919:0.855985:0.874876:0.855985:0.874876:0.839901:0.118919:0.839901:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017574:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017572:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
是不是？这是非常自然和必然的事！只能这么做，你说这是不是民主？:@0.118919:0.880540:0.739618:0.880540:0.739618:0.864456:0.118919:0.864456:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
民主从直议制到代议制是民主的一大进步。大家都知道，现代国家普遍实行代议:@0.159460:0.905095:0.864733:0.905095:0.864733:0.889010:0.159460:0.889010:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023