• 119 •:@0.840456:0.946969:0.881081:0.946969:0.881081:0.932706:0.840456:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007063:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.281656:0.071740:0.294527:0.071740:0.294527:0.055694:0.281656:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第五章 集中民主的理性论证—集中民主的自然性、合理性、必要性和必然性:@0.294527:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.294527:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.346014:0.073066:0.354595:0.073066:0.354595:0.057020:0.346014:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
  :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.000000:0.004291
在代议制政府中越来越占据主导地位，成为公民与代表之间的桥梁，并代表公民提出:@0.135135:0.119342:0.881125:0.119342:0.881125:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
有系统的施政意见和要求，而使议会沿着政党路线进行讨论或辩论，这已成为大多数:@0.135135:0.143913:0.881117:0.143913:0.881117:0.127829:0.135135:0.127829:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020025:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
代议制政府的特点。从君主制到共和制，从直接民主到间接民主，从全员参与到代表:@0.135135:0.168485:0.881255:0.168485:0.881255:0.152400:0.135135:0.152400:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
参加，是民主政治发展的历史必然，显示了政治演进的趋势。:@0.135135:0.193056:0.675744:0.193056:0.675744:0.176972:0.135135:0.176972:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
集中民主契合代表原理。在中国，人民是民主的中心，中华人民共和国政体就是:@0.175676:0.217628:0.880810:0.217628:0.880810:0.201543:0.175676:0.201543:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
人民代表大会制。一方面，中国县乡两级人大代表实行直接选举，县级以上实行间接:@0.135135:0.242199:0.881255:0.242199:0.881255:0.226115:0.135135:0.226115:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
选举。人民通过选出自己的代表来参政议政，并由他们的代表选出领导人。人民代表:@0.135135:0.266771:0.881255:0.266771:0.881255:0.250686:0.135135:0.250686:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
大会实行全过程的人民民主，所有的重大立法决策都是依照程序、经过民主酝酿，通:@0.135135:0.291342:0.881255:0.291342:0.881255:0.275257:0.135135:0.275257:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
过科学决策、民主决策产生的。人民代表大会制度是中国共产党领导中国人民在人类:@0.135135:0.315913:0.881125:0.315913:0.881125:0.299829:0.135135:0.299829:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
政治制度史上的伟大创造，是在我国政治发展史上具有重大意义的全新政治制度。在:@0.135135:0.340485:0.881117:0.340485:0.881117:0.324400:0.135135:0.324400:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020025:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020023
这种民主模式下，中国形成了以“选拔加选举”为特点的贤能政治。在中国，党和政:@0.135135:0.365056:0.881017:0.365056:0.881017:0.348972:0.135135:0.348972:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020105:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
府的官员必须经过层层筛选、千锤百炼，可以说比任何国家的官场竞争都激烈。所以，:@0.135135:0.389628:0.891092:0.389628:0.891092:0.373543:0.135135:0.373543:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
哈佛大学肯尼迪学院连续:@0.135135:0.414199:0.359988:0.414199:0.359988:0.398115:0.135135:0.398115:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020023
10:@0.365154:0.415239:0.385177:0.415239:0.385177:0.396519:0.365154:0.396519:0.010011:0.010011
年的民调显示，中国人民对中共执政的满意度年年都保:@0.390302:0.414199:0.880975:0.414199:0.880975:0.398115:0.390302:0.398115:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020023:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020483:0.020023
持在:@0.135135:0.438771:0.175180:0.438771:0.175180:0.422686:0.135135:0.422686:0.020023:0.020023
90%:@0.180186:0.439811:0.216887:0.439811:0.216887:0.421090:0.180186:0.421090:0.010011:0.010011:0.016679
以上。:@0.221893:0.438771:0.281960:0.438771:0.281960:0.422686:0.221893:0.422686:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
集中民主契合民主共和的代表原理。我们说过，在我国，集中民主就是在中国共:@0.175676:0.463342:0.880810:0.463342:0.880810:0.447257:0.175676:0.447257:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
产党的领导下，集中全中国人民的主张和力量，代人民执政，为人民代言，为人民服务，:@0.135135:0.487913:0.891092:0.487913:0.891092:0.471829:0.135135:0.471829:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013794:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
为人民造福，从而实现个人全面而自由发展和人民真正当家作主。我国宪法和各级政:@0.135135:0.512485:0.881125:0.512485:0.881125:0.496400:0.135135:0.496400:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
府的议事规则都明确规定，实行民主集中制。就是在民主基础上的集中，在集中指导:@0.135135:0.537056:0.881255:0.537056:0.881255:0.520972:0.135135:0.520972:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
下的民主。谁集中，当然是中国共产党集中，由人民选出的政府集中，由人民选出的:@0.135135:0.561628:0.881095:0.561628:0.881095:0.545543:0.135135:0.545543:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
领导集中，政府和领导集中人民群众或他们的代表的主张、意见和建议，形成集体决:@0.135135:0.586199:0.881255:0.586199:0.881255:0.570115:0.135135:0.570115:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
策决议，而后由政府带领人民群众实施，人民在实施中监督。这就是集中民主，这就:@0.135135:0.610771:0.881095:0.610771:0.881095:0.594686:0.135135:0.594686:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
是民主共和的代表原理在集中民主中的体现和运用。:@0.135135:0.635342:0.595654:0.635342:0.595654:0.619257:0.135135:0.619257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
这个代表原理，通过中国实践，上升到哲学或政治哲学的高度，形成了中国共产:@0.175676:0.659914:0.880810:0.659914:0.880810:0.643829:0.175676:0.643829:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
党的三个代表理论。中国共产党新时期党的建设的根本要求就是三个代表：始终代表:@0.135135:0.684485:0.881125:0.684485:0.881125:0.668400:0.135135:0.668400:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
中国先进生产力的发展要求、代表中国先进文化的前进方向、代表中国最广大人民的:@0.135135:0.709056:0.881125:0.709056:0.881125:0.692972:0.135135:0.692972:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
根本利益。“三个代表”是党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源。:@0.135135:0.733628:0.715789:0.733628:0.715789:0.717543:0.135135:0.717543:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
二、集中民主的人性依据和内在逻辑:@0.172973:0.772892:0.539100:0.772892:0.539100:0.754575:0.172973:0.754575:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883
（一）人性有善也有恶，人民有好也有坏，所以不能只有民主，没有集中:@0.172973:0.808453:0.844205:0.808453:0.844205:0.790677:0.172973:0.790677:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976
人性有善也有恶，人民有好也有坏，这就是现实中的人情人性。所以民主可以为:@0.175676:0.831381:0.880808:0.831381:0.880808:0.815296:0.175676:0.815296:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020021:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
善也可能为恶，有长处也有短处。集中就是发扬民主的好处长处，克服和避免民主的:@0.135135:0.855952:0.881255:0.855952:0.881255:0.839868:0.135135:0.839868:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
坏处和短处。因为人性有善也有恶，人民有好也有坏，所以任何政治都必须拥有两手，:@0.135135:0.880524:0.891092:0.880524:0.891092:0.864439:0.135135:0.864439:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
隆礼重法，礼法兼施，内圣外王，王霸并用，既要民主，更要集中。集中民主是一种:@0.135135:0.905095:0.881095:0.905095:0.881095:0.889010:0.135135:0.889010:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023