• 4 •:@0.118919:0.946969:0.144853:0.946969:0.144853:0.932706:0.118919:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
On Centralized Democracy —Taking China as an Example:@0.179757:0.081230:0.450417:0.081230:0.450417:0.070402:0.179757:0.070402:0.008261:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005080:0.005721:0.003181:0.004451:0.005721:0.003181:0.003181:0.004451:0.005080:0.005721:0.002860:0.008261:0.005080:0.008261:0.005721:0.005080:0.004451:0.005721:0.005080:0.005080:0.002860:0.010171:0.005310:0.005721:0.005080:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005721:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.005721:0.004451:0.002860:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.006991:0.005080:0.005721:0.008261:0.005721:0.003181:0.005080
论集中民主——以中国为例:@0.118811:0.070987:0.324757:0.070987:0.324757:0.057677:0.118811:0.057677:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
出真正管用的硬措施。起草过程中，习近平总书记、李克强总理都多次作出重要指示。:@0.118919:0.119342:0.874876:0.119342:0.874876:0.103257:0.118919:0.103257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
在此过程中，起草组会将有关专家学者和群众的意见吸收到初稿中，是否合适，最后:@0.118919:0.143897:0.865039:0.143897:0.865039:0.127812:0.118919:0.127812:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
由领导把关。这是初稿的形成过程。初稿形成之后，领导还要邀请一些省长、省委书:@0.118919:0.168451:0.864881:0.168451:0.864881:0.152367:0.118919:0.152367:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
记等来看看，提提修改意见。合格的初稿出来以后，还要征求方方面面的意见，比如:@0.118919:0.193006:0.864879:0.193006:0.864879:0.176922:0.118919:0.176922:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
我们经常看到总理专门召开民主党派座谈会、经济学家和社会学家座谈会、企业家座:@0.118919:0.217561:0.864909:0.217561:0.864909:0.201477:0.118919:0.201477:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
谈会和老百姓座谈会，看看这个报告行不行，大家都有什么建议。修改完善后要向中:@0.118919:0.242116:0.865039:0.242116:0.865039:0.226031:0.118919:0.226031:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
央政治局汇报。像这样一个报告的出台，有非常标准的流程，一般是前一年:@0.118919:0.266671:0.794179:0.266671:0.794179:0.250586:0.118919:0.250586:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020023:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020023:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020023:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020523:0.020023
12:@0.799165:0.267711:0.819187:0.267711:0.819187:0.248990:0.799165:0.248990:0.010011:0.010011
月初:@0.824313:0.266671:0.864859:0.266671:0.864859:0.250586:0.824313:0.250586:0.020523:0.020023
成立报告起草小组，月底拿出初稿，初稿出来之后即进入讨论、修改、审议程序。其:@0.118919:0.291225:0.864719:0.291225:0.864719:0.275141:0.118919:0.275141:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
中党中央、国务院一般先后要召开四次会议，对报告进行审议讨论，整个周期大约:@0.118919:0.315780:0.864719:0.315780:0.864719:0.299696:0.118919:0.299696:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020023:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020023:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020023:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020803:0.020023
100:@0.118919:0.341375:0.148953:0.341375:0.148953:0.322655:0.118919:0.322655:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
天。全过程相当严肃认真。再次修改后，总书记和总理还会亲自出面，在两会前:@0.154039:0.340335:0.865039:0.340335:0.865039:0.324250:0.154039:0.324250:0.020023:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020023:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020023:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020023:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020023
征求八个民主党派的意见，把好的建议意见吸收到报告中来，最后必须经过中央政治:@0.118919:0.364890:0.864901:0.364890:0.864901:0.348805:0.118919:0.348805:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020024:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
局常委会讨论修改定稿。整个过程就是集中民主:@0.118919:0.389444:0.542276:0.389444:0.542276:0.373360:0.118919:0.373360:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023
—:@0.542550:0.389444:0.582595:0.389444:0.582595:0.373360:0.542550:0.373360:0.040045
集中人民的主张和智慧的过程，:@0.582746:0.389444:0.864883:0.389444:0.864883:0.373360:0.582746:0.373360:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020023
实行的就是民主集中制。充分吸收社会各方面的意见，从而形成最大共识。再比如中:@0.118919:0.413999:0.865039:0.413999:0.865039:0.397915:0.118919:0.397915:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
国的五年计划。中国“十四五”规划编制工作在社会各界广泛征求意见，广大人民群:@0.118919:0.438554:0.864959:0.438554:0.864959:0.422469:0.118919:0.422469:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020103:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
众踊跃参与，留言:@0.118919:0.463109:0.278120:0.463109:0.278120:0.447024:0.118919:0.447024:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019044:0.020023:0.020023
100:@0.282884:0.464149:0.312917:0.464149:0.312917:0.445429:0.282884:0.445429:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
多万条，有关方面从中整理出:@0.317683:0.463109:0.576997:0.463109:0.576997:0.447024:0.317683:0.447024:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019043:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
1000:@0.581760:0.464149:0.621805:0.464149:0.621805:0.445429:0.581760:0.445429:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
多条建议，都被“十四五”:@0.626570:0.463109:0.864881:0.463109:0.864881:0.447024:0.626570:0.447024:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019044:0.020023:0.019041:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
规划或有关部门所采纳。每一个五年计划都是这样做出的。这是中国特色社会主义民:@0.118919:0.487664:0.864909:0.487664:0.864909:0.471579:0.118919:0.471579:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
主的生动实践。再比如，从中央到所有的地方政府，在作重大决定时都必须征求人民:@0.118919:0.512218:0.865039:0.512218:0.865039:0.496134:0.118919:0.496134:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
群众的意见，比如听证会、人民代表大会、协商会等等。即便对外援助也莫不如此，:@0.118919:0.536773:0.864719:0.536773:0.864719:0.520689:0.118919:0.520689:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
比如为了开好中非合作论坛北京峰会，几年前中国就派出大批考察团，赴非洲考察，:@0.118919:0.561328:0.865039:0.561328:0.865039:0.545243:0.118919:0.545243:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
调研，征询非洲当地人民群众的意见，这才有论坛上的“八大行动”“五不带”，非:@0.118919:0.585883:0.864879:0.585883:0.864879:0.569798:0.118919:0.569798:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020109:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020107:0.020023:0.020193:0.020023
洲的朋友说，只有中国懂得非洲人民的需要，知道非洲的问题所在。这就是集中民主，:@0.118919:0.610438:0.874876:0.610438:0.874876:0.594353:0.118919:0.594353:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
这才是真正的民主。:@0.118919:0.634992:0.299122:0.634992:0.299122:0.618908:0.118919:0.618908:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
在这个集中民主:@0.159460:0.659547:0.300578:0.659547:0.300578:0.643462:0.159460:0.643462:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
—:@0.300869:0.659547:0.340914:0.659547:0.340914:0.643462:0.300869:0.643462:0.040045
集中人民的主张、意见、建议和力量的工作中，“协商”和:@0.341071:0.659547:0.864939:0.659547:0.864939:0.643462:0.341071:0.643462:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020101:0.020183:0.020023
“全过程”是它的一个重要方法和要求。上面的例子以及众多中国式集中民主的实践:@0.118919:0.684102:0.864593:0.684102:0.864593:0.668017:0.118919:0.668017:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020097:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
向我们显示：从提出议题到征集意见再到形成决策；从贯彻实施到跟踪检查再到意见:@0.118919:0.708657:0.864909:0.708657:0.864909:0.692572:0.118919:0.692572:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
反馈；从试点到推广，从评比到总结，从表彰到批评，集中民主全方位、全过程地贯:@0.118919:0.733211:0.864719:0.733211:0.864719:0.717127:0.118919:0.717127:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
彻民主集中制。首先，充分发扬民主，集思广益（这里有一系列工作方法，如实地调:@0.118919:0.757766:0.864719:0.757766:0.864719:0.741682:0.118919:0.741682:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
查、问卷调查、专家咨询、座谈会法、头脑风暴法、可行性研究、网上征求意见等等）:@0.118919:0.782321:0.874876:0.782321:0.874876:0.766236:0.118919:0.766236:0.020023:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019208:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
最大程度地听取各方面的意见和建议，使人民的意愿和要求得到最广泛的表达和反映，:@0.118919:0.806876:0.874876:0.806876:0.874876:0.790791:0.118919:0.790791:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015123:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
在此基础上，集中正确意见（这里又有一系列科学方法，如决策树法、排除法、优选:@0.118919:0.831431:0.864719:0.831431:0.864719:0.815346:0.118919:0.815346:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
法、表决法、协商法、计算机辅助决策等等），终至形成经得起实践检验和历史检验:@0.118919:0.855985:0.864799:0.855985:0.864799:0.839901:0.118919:0.839901:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020103:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
的决议、决策和决定并付诸实施（这里有的还有从小试、中试到推广的一系列方法和:@0.118919:0.880540:0.865039:0.880540:0.865039:0.864456:0.118919:0.864456:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
过程），然后，在实施的过程中还要跟踪检测、实时反馈、及时修正，使人民的意愿:@0.118919:0.905095:0.864642:0.905095:0.864642:0.889010:0.118919:0.889010:0.020183:0.020107:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023