• 131 •:@0.839890:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.839890:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.281656:0.071740:0.294527:0.071740:0.294527:0.055694:0.281656:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第五章 集中民主的理性论证—集中民主的自然性、合理性、必要性和必然性:@0.294527:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.294527:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.346014:0.073066:0.354595:0.073066:0.354595:0.057020:0.346014:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
  :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.000000:0.004291
权”或“威权主义”，连个“权威”都不肯施予。但我们无须讳言和隐瞒：中国的集:@0.135135:0.119342:0.881273:0.119342:0.881273:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.020109:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020109:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020109:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
中民主就是既讲民主，也讲权威。美西方不讲权威，贬权威为威权，其实是自己树不:@0.135135:0.144508:0.881095:0.144508:0.881095:0.128423:0.135135:0.128423:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
起权威，也玩不起权威，因为自由民主本身就是排斥权威，他只强调个人自治，但是，:@0.135135:0.169674:0.891092:0.169674:0.891092:0.153590:0.135135:0.153590:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018799:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
权威却是人类自身需要的，是社会建设自身需要的，也是维持民主自身需要的。:@0.135135:0.194840:0.835924:0.194840:0.835924:0.178756:0.135135:0.178756:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
恩格斯在其反对无政府主义的论战性著作《论权威》中，以人类的相互依存和联:@0.175676:0.220006:0.880884:0.220006:0.880884:0.203922:0.175676:0.203922:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020097:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
合活动的趋势，充分论证了权威的必然性和必要性。他说：“我们考察一下作为现代:@0.135135:0.245173:0.881095:0.245173:0.881095:0.229088:0.135135:0.229088:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
资产阶级社会基础的那些经济关系，即工业关系和农业关系，就会发现，它们有一种:@0.135135:0.270339:0.881255:0.270339:0.881255:0.254254:0.135135:0.254254:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
使各个孤立的活动越来越为人们的联合活动所代替的趋势。……联合活动、互相依赖:@0.135135:0.295505:0.881257:0.295505:0.881257:0.279420:0.135135:0.279420:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
过程的错综复杂化，正在到处取代各个人的独立活动。但是，联合活动就是组织起来，:@0.135135:0.320671:0.891092:0.320671:0.891092:0.304586:0.135135:0.304586:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
而没有权威能够组织起来吗？”:@0.135135:0.345837:0.415451:0.345837:0.415451:0.329752:0.135135:0.329752:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
 :@0.415451:0.346877:0.420456:0.346877:0.420456:0.328157:0.415451:0.328157:0.005006
为了说明权威的自然性和必然性，恩格斯先以棉纺厂为例，就作息时间的一致、:@0.175676:0.371003:0.880810:0.371003:0.880810:0.354919:0.175676:0.354919:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020023
生产过程的指挥和材料分配等一系列必须尽快解决的问题说到：“不管这些问题是怎:@0.135135:0.396169:0.881125:0.396169:0.881125:0.380085:0.135135:0.380085:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
样解决的，是根据领导劳动部门的代表的决定来解决的呢，还是在可能情况下用多数:@0.135135:0.421335:0.881125:0.421335:0.881125:0.405251:0.135135:0.405251:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
表决的办法来解决，个别人的意志就是要表示服从，这就是说，问题是靠权威来解决:@0.135135:0.446502:0.881255:0.446502:0.881255:0.430417:0.135135:0.430417:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
的。……至少就工作时间而言，可以在这些工厂的大门上写上这样一句话：进门者请:@0.135135:0.471668:0.881095:0.471668:0.881095:0.455583:0.135135:0.455583:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
放弃一切自治:@0.135135:0.496834:0.255270:0.496834:0.255270:0.480749:0.135135:0.480749:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
a:@0.260276:0.487838:0.271926:0.487838:0.271926:0.479773:0.260276:0.479773:0.011650
！”:@0.276926:0.496834:0.316971:0.496834:0.316971:0.480749:0.276926:0.480749:0.020023:0.020023
恩格斯继续说：“再拿铁路作例子。……在这里，运转的首要条件也是要有一个:@0.175676:0.522000:0.881110:0.522000:0.881110:0.505915:0.175676:0.505915:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
能处理一切所管辖问题的起支配作用的意志，不论体现这个意志的是一个代表，还是:@0.135135:0.547166:0.881125:0.547166:0.881125:0.531081:0.135135:0.531081:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
一个受托执行有关的大多数人的决议的委员会，都是一样。不论在哪一种场合，都要:@0.135135:0.572332:0.881255:0.572332:0.881255:0.556248:0.135135:0.556248:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
碰到一个显而易见的权威。……假如铁路员工对乘客先生们的权威取消了，那么，随:@0.135135:0.597498:0.881093:0.597498:0.881093:0.581414:0.135135:0.581414:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020020:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
后开出的列车会发生什么事情呢？:@0.135135:0.622664:0.435473:0.622664:0.435473:0.606580:0.135135:0.606580:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
恩格斯说：“能最清楚的说明需要权威，而且是需要专断的权威的，要算是在汪:@0.175676:0.647831:0.881270:0.647831:0.881270:0.631746:0.175676:0.631746:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
洋大海上航行的船了。那里，在危急关头，大家的生命能否得救，就要看所有的人能:@0.135135:0.672997:0.881095:0.672997:0.881095:0.656912:0.135135:0.656912:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
否立即绝对服从一个人的意志。”:@0.135135:0.698163:0.435473:0.698163:0.435473:0.682078:0.135135:0.682078:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
恩格斯接着论道：“我们看到，一方面是一定的权威，不管它是怎样形成的，另:@0.175676:0.723329:0.881112:0.723329:0.881112:0.707244:0.175676:0.707244:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020025:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
一方面是一定的服从，这两者都是我们不得不接受的，而不管社会组织以及生产和产:@0.135135:0.748495:0.881125:0.748495:0.881125:0.732410:0.135135:0.732410:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
品流通赖以进行的物质条件是怎样的。”“所以，把权威原则说成是绝对坏的东西，:@0.135135:0.773661:0.880935:0.773661:0.880935:0.757576:0.135135:0.757576:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
而把自治原则说成是绝地好的东西，都是荒谬的。权威与自治是相对的东西，它们的:@0.135135:0.798827:0.881255:0.798827:0.881255:0.782743:0.135135:0.782743:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
应用范围是随着社会发展阶段的不同而改变的。”:@0.135135:0.823993:0.575631:0.823993:0.575631:0.807909:0.135135:0.807909:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
“革命无疑是天下最权威的东西。革命就是一部分人用枪杆、刺刀、大炮，即用:@0.175676:0.849160:0.881270:0.849160:0.881270:0.833075:0.175676:0.833075:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
非常权威的手段强迫另一部分人接受自己的意志。获得胜利的政党如果不愿意失去自:@0.135135:0.874326:0.880875:0.874326:0.880875:0.858241:0.135135:0.858241:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
a :@0.135135:0.903806:0.163710:0.903806:0.163710:0.893925:0.135135:0.893925:0.014273:0.014302
恩格斯《论权威》，《马克思恩格斯选集》第:@0.162162:0.904738:0.448199:0.904738:0.448199:0.893575:0.162162:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302
3:@0.451774:0.905481:0.458925:0.905481:0.458925:0.892109:0.451774:0.892109:0.007151
卷，第:@0.462500:0.904738:0.505406:0.904738:0.505406:0.893575:0.462500:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302
275:@0.508981:0.905481:0.530434:0.905481:0.530434:0.892109:0.508981:0.892109:0.007151:0.007151:0.007151
页。:@0.534010:0.904738:0.562613:0.904738:0.562613:0.893575:0.534010:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302