• 134 •:@0.118919:0.946969:0.160108:0.946969:0.160108:0.932706:0.118919:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
On Centralized Democracy —Taking China as an Example:@0.179757:0.081230:0.450417:0.081230:0.450417:0.070402:0.179757:0.070402:0.008261:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005080:0.005721:0.003181:0.004451:0.005721:0.003181:0.003181:0.004451:0.005080:0.005721:0.002860:0.008261:0.005080:0.008261:0.005721:0.005080:0.004451:0.005721:0.005080:0.005080:0.002860:0.010171:0.005310:0.005721:0.005080:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005721:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.005721:0.004451:0.002860:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.006991:0.005080:0.005721:0.008261:0.005721:0.003181:0.005080
论集中民主——以中国为例:@0.118811:0.070987:0.324757:0.070987:0.324757:0.057677:0.118811:0.057677:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
是专断，独断也不是独裁:@0.118919:0.119342:0.334197:0.119342:0.334197:0.103257:0.118919:0.103257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015053:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
—:@0.334197:0.119342:0.374242:0.119342:0.374242:0.103257:0.334197:0.103257:0.040045
是精英治国，还是众生治国，民主就是众生治国吗？:@0.374242:0.119342:0.824821:0.119342:0.824821:0.103257:0.374242:0.103257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015053:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015053:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
—:@0.824821:0.119342:0.864866:0.119342:0.864866:0.103257:0.824821:0.103257:0.040045
集中民主与精英治国，集中民主与领袖、政党、人民的统一。:@0.118919:0.143897:0.659528:0.143897:0.659528:0.127812:0.118919:0.127812:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
（一）集中民主是精英政治与大众政治的完美结合:@0.156757:0.170096:0.618229:0.170096:0.618229:0.152320:0.156757:0.152320:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976
任何组织任何社会任何政党都有关键少数，这些关键少数就是一个社会的精英。:@0.159460:0.193006:0.864733:0.193006:0.864733:0.176922:0.159460:0.176922:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020023
集中民主就是少数人集中多数人的意见，这就需要正确处理少数和多数的关系，也就:@0.118919:0.217561:0.864909:0.217561:0.864909:0.201477:0.118919:0.201477:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
是大众与精英的关系。:@0.118919:0.242116:0.319144:0.242116:0.319144:0.226031:0.118919:0.226031:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
政治，是属于精英的，还是大众的，是精英政治还是大众政治，这历来是一个话题。:@0.159460:0.266671:0.874877:0.266671:0.874877:0.250586:0.159460:0.250586:0.020023:0.020023:0.013669:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013667:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013669:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013667:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
首先，我们有必要来谈一谈“精英”现象。因为在中国，精英向来不受待见，我们的:@0.118919:0.291225:0.864642:0.291225:0.864642:0.275141:0.118919:0.275141:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020107:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
历史观向来是人民史观，一谈英雄、精英，就认为是否定群众，贬低群众，是与人民:@0.118919:0.315780:0.864719:0.315780:0.864719:0.299696:0.118919:0.299696:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
对立。其实偏矣！:@0.118919:0.340335:0.279099:0.340335:0.279099:0.324250:0.118919:0.324250:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
我们通常所说的精英，一般指一个社会的五大精英：政治精英、军事精英、商业:@0.159460:0.364890:0.865054:0.364890:0.865054:0.348805:0.159460:0.348805:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
精英、科技精英和文艺精英，他们是行业的风向标和骨干，也是社会的风向标和骨干，:@0.118919:0.389444:0.874876:0.389444:0.874876:0.373360:0.118919:0.373360:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
是人类的宝贵财富和最重要的资源，是推动历史前进的先锋力量，是我们大家的共同:@0.118919:0.413999:0.864909:0.413999:0.864909:0.397915:0.118919:0.397915:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
资源。毛主席说：“政治路线确定之后，干部就是决定的因素。”这里的干部，可以:@0.118919:0.438554:0.864979:0.438554:0.864979:0.422469:0.118919:0.422469:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
视为现在我们所说的政治精英。:@0.118919:0.463109:0.399235:0.463109:0.399235:0.447024:0.118919:0.447024:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
先天性差异存在于所有物种之中，也存在于所有个体身上。社会精英是人类进化:@0.159460:0.487664:0.864733:0.487664:0.864733:0.471579:0.159460:0.471579:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
的自然成果，这个成果理应由全社会享用。政治是一门高级、复杂的脑力活动和体力:@0.118919:0.512218:0.865039:0.512218:0.865039:0.496134:0.118919:0.496134:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
活动，也是一门高级艺术，不是人人都能成为政治家。施政需要预见和远见，而预见:@0.118919:0.536773:0.864881:0.536773:0.864881:0.520689:0.118919:0.520689:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
和远见不是人人具备的，决断能力和决策能力也不是人人都有的。要在主要矛盾和次:@0.118919:0.561328:0.864909:0.561328:0.864909:0.545243:0.118919:0.545243:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
要矛盾、眼前利益和长远利益、整体利益与局部利益、国家利益和群体利益以及国际:@0.118919:0.585883:0.865039:0.585883:0.865039:0.569798:0.118919:0.569798:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
与国内、双边与多边等多种利益和矛盾，各种不确定性的权衡中慎重作出决策，需要:@0.118919:0.610438:0.865039:0.610438:0.865039:0.594353:0.118919:0.594353:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
最高领导人的胆识、经验和智慧。这种职业特性也就决定了政治的集中性，政权的集:@0.118919:0.634992:0.865039:0.634992:0.865039:0.618908:0.118919:0.618908:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
中性，权力的集中性。我们这个地球上现在有:@0.118919:0.659547:0.512742:0.659547:0.512742:0.643462:0.118919:0.643462:0.020023:0.020023:0.016709:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.016709:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
70:@0.516927:0.660587:0.536950:0.660587:0.536950:0.641867:0.516927:0.641867:0.010011:0.010011
亿人，只有少数来自人民、代表人民、:@0.541134:0.659547:0.874890:0.659547:0.874890:0.643462:0.541134:0.643462:0.020023:0.020023:0.016709:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.016709:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
集中人民意志和主张的杰出领袖能够决定历史进程。“天赋神授”是错误的，但天赋:@0.118919:0.684102:0.864959:0.684102:0.864959:0.668017:0.118919:0.668017:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020103:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
有别却是事实。站的高度不同，视野不同，格局不同，看问题自然不同。人生苦短，:@0.118919:0.708657:0.864887:0.708657:0.864887:0.692572:0.118919:0.692572:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020021:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020023
一个人的时间和智力是有限的，且多数人忙于生计，没有时间和能力去一一验证所有:@0.118919:0.733211:0.864909:0.733211:0.864909:0.717127:0.118919:0.717127:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
事实与真理，我们只能相信那些比我们聪明和高明的精英已经揭示和发现的事实和真:@0.118919:0.757766:0.864659:0.757766:0.864659:0.741682:0.118919:0.741682:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
理，我们只能在此基础上去设计自己，规划自己，这就是现实，也是认识的捷径。然后，:@0.118919:0.782321:0.874876:0.782321:0.874876:0.766236:0.118919:0.766236:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
倘有时间和精力，他才可以再有选择地深入研究留待验证的问题。所以，我们不能排:@0.118919:0.806876:0.865039:0.806876:0.865039:0.790791:0.118919:0.790791:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
斥精英，也不能没有精英。应当承认这些政府精英比我们这些普通公民有知识和高明:@0.118919:0.831431:0.864909:0.831431:0.864909:0.815346:0.118919:0.815346:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
的多，也要相信他们的利益和大众的利益是一致的，他们为人民服务，为社会工作，:@0.118919:0.855985:0.864879:0.855985:0.864879:0.839901:0.118919:0.839901:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
社会利益是我们大家的共同利益。:@0.118919:0.880540:0.419257:0.880540:0.419257:0.864456:0.118919:0.864456:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
西方人历来喜欢非此即彼，一是一，二是二，这虽然简单明了，易于理解，但这:@0.159460:0.905095:0.864894:0.905095:0.864894:0.889010:0.159460:0.889010:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023