• 135 •:@0.839890:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.839890:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.281656:0.071740:0.294527:0.071740:0.294527:0.055694:0.281656:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第五章 集中民主的理性论证—集中民主的自然性、合理性、必要性和必然性:@0.294527:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.294527:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.346014:0.073066:0.354595:0.073066:0.354595:0.057020:0.346014:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
  :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.000000:0.004291
种思维往往分析有余，综合不足，因而往往不能真正反映事件的真实性和复杂性，从:@0.135135:0.119342:0.881255:0.119342:0.881255:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
而不能真正地指导实践。我们呢，是一分为二，合二为一，这更能反映事物的本来面:@0.135135:0.144508:0.881095:0.144508:0.881095:0.128423:0.135135:0.128423:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
貌，因此能够更好地指导我们的实践。我的看法是，精英与大众不能对立，更不能割:@0.135135:0.169674:0.881095:0.169674:0.881095:0.153590:0.135135:0.153590:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
裂，因为精英本来就出自大众，没有大众，就没有精英。因此，不能说只有精英政治:@0.135135:0.194840:0.880935:0.194840:0.880935:0.178756:0.135135:0.178756:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
而没有或者不要大众政治，反之亦然。同理，我认为，正确的做法应当是：精英政治:@0.135135:0.220006:0.880935:0.220006:0.880935:0.203922:0.135135:0.203922:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
指导下的大众政治，大众政治基础上的精英政治。这同集中民主的原理是一样一样的。:@0.135135:0.245173:0.891092:0.245173:0.891092:0.229088:0.135135:0.229088:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017574:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017572:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
他们的分工在于，精英当政执政，大众参政议政。就如同一个企业的厂长与工人的关:@0.135135:0.270339:0.881255:0.270339:0.881255:0.254254:0.135135:0.254254:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
系一样。你说，是厂长能离开工人，还是工人能离开厂长？:@0.135135:0.295505:0.655721:0.295505:0.655721:0.279420:0.135135:0.279420:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
现代社会的复杂性需要精英治理、专家治理，不像古代，也不像近代。专家治理、:@0.175676:0.320671:0.891093:0.320671:0.891093:0.304586:0.175676:0.304586:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018675:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018673:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018673:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018675:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
精英治理就是集中的体现，这是自然而然的，任何一种社会模式都是如此。人类社会:@0.135135:0.345837:0.881255:0.345837:0.881255:0.329752:0.135135:0.329752:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
的结构就像一座金字塔，塔基是民众，塔尖是精英，塔基和塔尖都不可或缺。常人常:@0.135135:0.371003:0.881095:0.371003:0.881095:0.354919:0.135135:0.354919:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
思个人、工作与生活，落点在自己与小家；卓者思考人类、使命与责任，落点在社会:@0.135135:0.396169:0.880935:0.396169:0.880935:0.380085:0.135135:0.380085:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
与世界。我们这个世界从来都是只有少数人在谋万世，在谋全局，而不是全民都在谋:@0.135135:0.421335:0.881255:0.421335:0.881255:0.405251:0.135135:0.405251:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
万世，谋全局。因为不是人人都有这种能力、这种知识、这种胸怀。而如果我们人人:@0.135135:0.446502:0.880935:0.446502:0.880935:0.430417:0.135135:0.430417:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
都在思考个人与小家，那么谁来思考人类社会与未来？:@0.135135:0.471668:0.615676:0.471668:0.615676:0.455583:0.135135:0.455583:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
一时代有一时代的使命，一时代有一时代的主要矛盾，时代变了，时代的主要矛:@0.175676:0.496834:0.880810:0.496834:0.880810:0.480749:0.175676:0.480749:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
盾和任务变了，社会进步的依靠力量也就变了。打江山和坐江山不同，打江山靠人多。:@0.135135:0.522000:0.891092:0.522000:0.891092:0.505915:0.135135:0.505915:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
也可以说，以前是靠多数，靠千千万万的人民大众，现在靠关键少数，靠关键少数的:@0.135135:0.547166:0.881095:0.547166:0.881095:0.531081:0.135135:0.531081:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
智慧和头脑。集中民主和民主集中制就是要发挥这个关键少数的作用，实施正确集中，:@0.135135:0.572332:0.891092:0.572332:0.891092:0.556248:0.135135:0.556248:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017574:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017572:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
以实现人民的愿望。现代国家治理主要依靠各领域的精英：政治精英、管理精英、技:@0.135135:0.597498:0.881095:0.597498:0.881095:0.581414:0.135135:0.581414:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
术精英，等等，当然，历史唯物主义原理不变。我这样说不是贬低广大人民，如果这:@0.135135:0.622664:0.880935:0.622664:0.880935:0.606580:0.135135:0.606580:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
样理解我的精英理论，那就错了。我这里的主要意思是说历史阶段不同，历史使命不同，:@0.135135:0.647831:0.891092:0.647831:0.891092:0.631746:0.135135:0.631746:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
历史任务不同，担负主要历史责任的群体就不同，这是由不同的历史时期所需要解决:@0.135135:0.672997:0.881125:0.672997:0.881125:0.656912:0.135135:0.656912:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
的主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面所决定的。:@0.135135:0.698163:0.495541:0.698163:0.495541:0.682078:0.135135:0.682078:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
（二）集中民主是领袖和群众共同创造历史:@0.172973:0.724973:0.571517:0.724973:0.571517:0.707197:0.172973:0.707197:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976
精英政治和大众政治的最高层级就是领袖和群众，集中民主的最高关系也就是领:@0.175676:0.748495:0.881090:0.748495:0.881090:0.732410:0.175676:0.732410:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
袖和群众的关系。这关系到谁创造历史，是英雄创造历史还是群众创造历史这个经典:@0.135135:0.773661:0.881125:0.773661:0.881125:0.757576:0.135135:0.757576:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
的历史观问题。:@0.135135:0.798827:0.275293:0.798827:0.275293:0.782743:0.135135:0.782743:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
中国有句古典的治世之言：“治本在得人 。”还有一句经典的民间俗谚：“火:@0.175676:0.823993:0.881168:0.823993:0.881168:0.807909:0.175676:0.807909:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020023:0.020023:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020023:0.016616:0.020023:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020323:0.020023:0.020023:0.020323:0.020023
a:@0.545558:0.814998:0.557208:0.814998:0.557208:0.806932:0.545558:0.806932:0.011650
车跑得快，全靠车头带”。集中民主的基础在民主，目的也在民主，而重点在集中，:@0.135135:0.849160:0.880859:0.849160:0.880859:0.833075:0.135135:0.833075:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020107:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
关键是谁集中。选对了一把手，一把手强，集中民主就是最佳民主，集中民主就是建:@0.135135:0.874326:0.881095:0.874326:0.881095:0.858241:0.135135:0.858241:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
a :@0.135135:0.903806:0.163710:0.903806:0.163710:0.893925:0.135135:0.893925:0.014273:0.014302
《资治通鉴》卷一百三，第:@0.162162:0.904738:0.333784:0.904738:0.333784:0.893575:0.162162:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302
3260:@0.337360:0.905481:0.365963:0.905481:0.365963:0.892109:0.337360:0.892109:0.007151:0.007151:0.007151:0.007151
页。:@0.369539:0.904738:0.398142:0.904738:0.398142:0.893575:0.369539:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302