• 139 •:@0.839890:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.839890:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.281656:0.071740:0.294527:0.071740:0.294527:0.055694:0.281656:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第五章 集中民主的理性论证—集中民主的自然性、合理性、必要性和必然性:@0.294527:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.294527:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.346014:0.073066:0.354595:0.073066:0.354595:0.057020:0.346014:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
  :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.000000:0.004291
原理。但是，马克思主义的唯物主义是辩证唯物主义，而不是机械唯物主义若其他什:@0.135135:0.119342:0.881253:0.119342:0.881253:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020021:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
么的唯物主义，存在决定意识，社会存在决定社会意识当然是对的，但是还有意识对:@0.135135:0.144508:0.881255:0.144508:0.881255:0.128423:0.135135:0.128423:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
于存在的反作用，这种反作用表现在人类能够预测、预见、预判、策划、规划、计划、:@0.135135:0.169674:0.891092:0.169674:0.891092:0.153590:0.135135:0.153590:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019208:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
组织、指挥、协调等等人的主观能动性上，没有这种反作用，没有人类的这种主观能:@0.135135:0.194840:0.881095:0.194840:0.881095:0.178756:0.135135:0.178756:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
动性，无所作为，坐等其成，怎么改造世界，创造历史？列宁说过（原话不记得了，:@0.135135:0.220006:0.881195:0.220006:0.881195:0.203922:0.135135:0.203922:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020023
但意思绝对没错），存在决定意识，物质决定精神，只在谁是第一性谁是第二性谁决:@0.135135:0.245173:0.881173:0.245173:0.881173:0.229088:0.135135:0.229088:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020101:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
定谁的问题上才是绝对的，其他都是相对的。说历史是人民创造的，是就这个最终意:@0.135135:0.270339:0.881255:0.270339:0.881255:0.254254:0.135135:0.254254:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
义上说的，是就人民和英雄谁是第一性谁是第二性谁决定谁的意义上说的。说历史是:@0.135135:0.295505:0.881125:0.295505:0.881125:0.279420:0.135135:0.279420:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
人民创造的，是因为英雄来自人民，所以人民是第一性、英雄是第二性的，所以是人:@0.135135:0.320671:0.881095:0.320671:0.881095:0.304586:0.135135:0.304586:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
民决定英雄，所以历史归根结底是人民创造的。说历史是人民创造的，是说人民是生:@0.135135:0.345837:0.881255:0.345837:0.881255:0.329752:0.135135:0.329752:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
产力的主体因素，是推动历史进步的根本性力量，所以历史是人民创造的。但其过程:@0.135135:0.371003:0.881255:0.371003:0.881255:0.354919:0.135135:0.354919:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
却是相对的，其结果是英雄和人民共同创造的，不仅共同创造辉煌，也同样共同造成:@0.135135:0.396169:0.881255:0.396169:0.881255:0.380085:0.135135:0.380085:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
失误和灾难。只是在有的时候、有些事情上是英雄起主导和决定作用，有时候、有些:@0.135135:0.421335:0.881095:0.421335:0.881095:0.405251:0.135135:0.405251:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
事情上是人民起主导和决定作用。马克思主义认为经济基础决定上层建筑，上层建筑:@0.135135:0.446502:0.881125:0.446502:0.881125:0.430417:0.135135:0.430417:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
反作用于经济基础。这就是说，历史归根结底是人民创造的，但在特定时期和特定条:@0.135135:0.471668:0.881255:0.471668:0.881255:0.455583:0.135135:0.455583:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
件下，人民的领袖对历史的发展进程也会起决定作用。人民和领袖，英雄和群众，只:@0.135135:0.496834:0.881095:0.496834:0.881095:0.480749:0.135135:0.480749:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
有在谁是第一性、谁是第二性、谁决定谁的问题上是绝对的，在其他方面都是相对的。:@0.135135:0.522000:0.891092:0.522000:0.891092:0.505915:0.135135:0.505915:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
说只有人民才是历史的创造者，是就最终意义上说的，并不是说人民这个群体在任何:@0.135135:0.547166:0.881125:0.547166:0.881125:0.531081:0.135135:0.531081:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
时候，任何事情上都起决定作用，有时候，在某些事情上，领袖往往起决定作用。这:@0.135135:0.572332:0.880935:0.572332:0.880935:0.556248:0.135135:0.556248:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
才是真正的历史唯物主义。我们看到，也必须承认，在某些重大的历史关头，关键的:@0.135135:0.597498:0.881095:0.597498:0.881095:0.581414:0.135135:0.581414:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
少数人尤其是领袖往往起决定性作用，会决定一个国家、一个民族的前途、命运和发:@0.135135:0.622664:0.881255:0.622664:0.881255:0.606580:0.135135:0.606580:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
展的道路。历史上，一人兴邦，一人丧邦屡见不鲜，这个不争的事实至少说明，英雄:@0.135135:0.647831:0.880937:0.647831:0.880937:0.631746:0.135135:0.631746:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
在既定的历史条件下，在既定的历史时期起决定性的作用。再次，人民只有组织起来:@0.135135:0.672997:0.881255:0.672997:0.881255:0.656912:0.135135:0.656912:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
才有力量。马克思说：“工人的一个成功因素就是他们的人数；但是只有当工人通过:@0.135135:0.698163:0.881097:0.698163:0.881097:0.682078:0.135135:0.682078:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
组织而联合起来并获得知识指导时，人数才能起举足轻重的作用 。”:@0.135135:0.723329:0.740829:0.723329:0.740829:0.707244:0.135135:0.707244:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015063:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.014942:0.015057:0.020023
a:@0.694571:0.714333:0.706221:0.714333:0.706221:0.706268:0.694571:0.706268:0.011650
—:@0.735873:0.723329:0.775918:0.723329:0.775918:0.707244:0.735873:0.707244:0.040045
综上，所以，:@0.775918:0.723329:0.891094:0.723329:0.891094:0.707244:0.775918:0.707244:0.020023:0.020023:0.015063:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
我说是英雄与人民共同创造历史。这个理论与我的集中民主理论是一致的。在创造历:@0.135135:0.748495:0.881125:0.748495:0.881125:0.732410:0.135135:0.732410:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
史的伟业中，领袖离不开人民，人民离不开领袖，同理，在民主的实践中，民主离不:@0.135135:0.773661:0.880933:0.773661:0.880933:0.757576:0.135135:0.757576:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020021:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
开集中，集中也离不开民主。也就是说，历史的创造，不能没有领袖，也不能没有群众，:@0.135135:0.798827:0.891092:0.798827:0.891092:0.782743:0.135135:0.782743:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
民主的建设，不能没有民主，也不能没有集中。他们本来就是一体两面。:@0.135135:0.823993:0.775856:0.823993:0.775856:0.807909:0.135135:0.807909:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
社会要前进，人类要发展，离不开正确的领导，这就是集中的根本理由，这就是:@0.175676:0.849160:0.881272:0.849160:0.881272:0.833075:0.175676:0.833075:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
集中民主的根本理由。集中民主就是领导与群众相结合、英雄和人民共同创造历史。:@0.135135:0.874326:0.881255:0.874326:0.881255:0.858241:0.135135:0.858241:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
a :@0.135135:0.903806:0.163710:0.903806:0.163710:0.893925:0.135135:0.893925:0.014273:0.014302
 :@0.162162:0.905481:0.165738:0.905481:0.165738:0.892109:0.162162:0.892109:0.003575
《国际工人协会宣言》，见《马克思恩格斯选集》第:@0.165738:0.904738:0.494680:0.904738:0.494680:0.893575:0.165738:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302
3:@0.498255:0.905481:0.505406:0.905481:0.505406:0.892109:0.498255:0.892109:0.007151
卷，第:@0.508981:0.904738:0.551887:0.904738:0.551887:0.893575:0.508981:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302
10:@0.555462:0.905481:0.569764:0.905481:0.569764:0.892109:0.555462:0.892109:0.007151:0.007151
页。:@0.573340:0.904738:0.601943:0.904738:0.601943:0.893575:0.573340:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302