• 140 •:@0.118919:0.946969:0.160108:0.946969:0.160108:0.932706:0.118919:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
On Centralized Democracy —Taking China as an Example:@0.179757:0.081230:0.450417:0.081230:0.450417:0.070402:0.179757:0.070402:0.008261:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005080:0.005721:0.003181:0.004451:0.005721:0.003181:0.003181:0.004451:0.005080:0.005721:0.002860:0.008261:0.005080:0.008261:0.005721:0.005080:0.004451:0.005721:0.005080:0.005080:0.002860:0.010171:0.005310:0.005721:0.005080:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005721:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.005721:0.004451:0.002860:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.006991:0.005080:0.005721:0.008261:0.005721:0.003181:0.005080
论集中民主——以中国为例:@0.118811:0.070987:0.324757:0.070987:0.324757:0.057677:0.118811:0.057677:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
英雄和群众这两种力量是紧密联系、交织在一起，互为因果，互相影响，共同作用的，:@0.118919:0.119342:0.874876:0.119342:0.874876:0.103257:0.118919:0.103257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018799:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
只是有时候、有的事情群众的作用占主要方面，有时候、有的事情领袖的作用占主要:@0.118919:0.143897:0.865039:0.143897:0.865039:0.127812:0.118919:0.127812:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
方面。任何片面地、孤立地、静止地、割裂式地对待和分析历史的方法都是错误的，:@0.118919:0.168451:0.864721:0.168451:0.864721:0.152367:0.118919:0.152367:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
都不能正确揭示历史发展的真正原因。在这个问题上，我们既要一分为二，又要合二:@0.118919:0.193006:0.865039:0.193006:0.865039:0.176922:0.118919:0.176922:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
而一。就是说，既要破除群众—精英“二分”的对立思想，人民和领袖，群众和精英:@0.118919:0.217561:0.864642:0.217561:0.864642:0.201477:0.118919:0.201477:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020107:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
要合二为一:@0.118919:0.242116:0.219592:0.242116:0.219592:0.226031:0.118919:0.226031:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
—:@0.219908:0.242116:0.259953:0.242116:0.259953:0.226031:0.219908:0.226031:0.040045
他们共同创造历史；又要对领袖和群众实行一分为二:@0.260099:0.242116:0.723561:0.242116:0.723561:0.226031:0.260099:0.226031:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
—:@0.723977:0.242116:0.764022:0.242116:0.764022:0.226031:0.723977:0.226031:0.040045
即领袖不是:@0.764169:0.242116:0.864842:0.242116:0.864842:0.226031:0.764169:0.226031:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
绝对正确，群众也不是绝对正确；群众的力量需要领袖来组织和发挥，群众的意见和:@0.118919:0.266671:0.865039:0.266671:0.865039:0.250586:0.118919:0.250586:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
智慧需要领袖来集中和筛选，领袖的决策需要群众来执行和落实。:@0.118919:0.291225:0.699573:0.291225:0.699573:0.275141:0.118919:0.275141:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
人民总有分歧，谁来裁判，谁来统一，谁来协调，总要有个头，人无头不走，鸟:@0.159460:0.315780:0.864733:0.315780:0.864733:0.299696:0.159460:0.299696:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
无头不飞，所有动物群都是只有一个头，不要说我们的近亲黑猩猩，其他亦是如此。:@0.118919:0.340335:0.864879:0.340335:0.864879:0.324250:0.118919:0.324250:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
雁有头雁，狼有头狼，羊有头羊，蜂有蜂王，人更如此，家有千口，主事一人。这是:@0.118919:0.364890:0.864979:0.364890:0.864979:0.348805:0.118919:0.348805:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
自然选择，是逻辑必然，历史归宿。人民就是一个个的个人，只有合起来才构成人民，:@0.118919:0.389444:0.874876:0.389444:0.874876:0.373360:0.118919:0.373360:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018799:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
谁来集合，谁来集中，总要有个中心，没有集中就没有人民这个整体，就成不了人民，:@0.118919:0.413999:0.874876:0.413999:0.874876:0.397915:0.118919:0.397915:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018799:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
而只是一个个的个人。:@0.118919:0.438554:0.319144:0.438554:0.319144:0.422469:0.118919:0.422469:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
集中就是有最后决定之权。集中只能是一人集中，也只能有一个人集中，集中到:@0.159460:0.463109:0.864593:0.463109:0.864593:0.447024:0.159460:0.447024:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
一人。这是必然逻辑，逻辑必然。不管什么体制，都是如此。只能一人当家，不能都:@0.118919:0.487664:0.864879:0.487664:0.864879:0.471579:0.118919:0.471579:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023
当家。中国人都懂得 “家有千口，主事一人”。基督教只尊上帝一人，伊斯兰教只信:@0.118919:0.512218:0.864859:0.512218:0.864859:0.496134:0.118919:0.496134:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.005106:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
 :@0.299122:0.513258:0.304128:0.513258:0.304128:0.494538:0.299122:0.494538:0.005006
安拉一个，集中民主就是由最高领导者最终集中并代表人民的主张，集合全国的力量，:@0.118919:0.536773:0.874876:0.536773:0.874876:0.520689:0.118919:0.520689:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017574:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017572:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
代民做主为民服务，从而真正实现人民当家作主。这就是中国式民主的实质和真谛。:@0.118919:0.561328:0.865039:0.561328:0.865039:0.545243:0.118919:0.545243:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
在中国，这“一个”就是中国共产党，这个党的核心现在就是习近平“一人”。“一:@0.118919:0.585883:0.864975:0.585883:0.864975:0.569798:0.118919:0.569798:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020111:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020111:0.020023:0.020023:0.020203:0.020023
将成名万骨枯”，千秋功罪，归于一人。没有说归于哪个领导集体，这是世人的共通:@0.118919:0.610438:0.864799:0.610438:0.864799:0.594353:0.118919:0.594353:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020103:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
心理和共同经验。既然人们的心理如此，实际生活如此，真实的历史进程如此，怎么:@0.118919:0.634992:0.864879:0.634992:0.864879:0.618908:0.118919:0.618908:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
能说集中民主不是民主？怎么能说集中民主不成立？要我说，这才是民主的实至名归。:@0.118919:0.659547:0.874876:0.659547:0.874876:0.643462:0.118919:0.643462:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015123:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
（三）集中需要集权，集权不是极权，集中不是专制:@0.156757:0.685746:0.639205:0.685746:0.639205:0.667970:0.156757:0.667970:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976
集中是民主不可或缺的另一面，集中民主就是集中民意，集中民力，为此，当然:@0.159460:0.708657:0.865054:0.708657:0.865054:0.692572:0.159460:0.692572:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
要集权:@0.118919:0.733211:0.178987:0.733211:0.178987:0.717127:0.118919:0.717127:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
—:@0.178987:0.733211:0.219032:0.733211:0.219032:0.717127:0.178987:0.717127:0.040045
集中权力，把权力集中在执政者手里，这样才能迅速有力地调动一切资源，:@0.219032:0.733211:0.874876:0.733211:0.874876:0.717127:0.219032:0.717127:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017574:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017572:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
统一各方行动，胜利达到预期，以实现民主的目的。所以，集中必需集权，集权是集:@0.118919:0.757766:0.864719:0.757766:0.864719:0.741682:0.118919:0.741682:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
中的应有之义，没有集权就没有权威，没有权威就无法集中，没有集中就无法统一，:@0.118919:0.782321:0.864879:0.782321:0.864879:0.766236:0.118919:0.766236:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
没有集中统一，就没有铁的纪律和制度，就没有强大的执行力，而没有强大的执行力，:@0.118919:0.806876:0.874876:0.806876:0.874876:0.790791:0.118919:0.790791:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
任何战略都是空话，任何政权也无法执政。:@0.118919:0.831431:0.499347:0.831431:0.499347:0.815346:0.118919:0.815346:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
说到集权，人们可能都会反感。是因为人们总认为集权就是极权，就是专制，就:@0.159460:0.855985:0.865056:0.855985:0.865056:0.839901:0.159460:0.839901:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020023
是压迫，所以集权不好。其实不然。关于专制与独裁，我想说明两点。第一，中国的:@0.118919:0.880540:0.864879:0.880540:0.864879:0.864456:0.118919:0.864456:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023
集中不是专制，更不是独裁。专制独裁是什么？专制和独裁是统治者不顾法律和人民:@0.118919:0.905095:0.865039:0.905095:0.865039:0.889010:0.118919:0.889010:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023