• 179 •:@0.839890:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.839890:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.470440:0.071740:0.483311:0.071740:0.483311:0.055694:0.470440:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第六章 中国的集中民主与西方自由民主的实证对比:@0.483311:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.483311:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.534798:0.073066:0.543379:0.073066:0.543379:0.057020:0.534798:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
 :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.004291
点：国家的作用越来越重要。当今全球化时代，任何人，任何团体，任何组织单靠自己，:@0.135135:0.119342:0.891092:0.119342:0.891092:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.017530:0.017532:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
完全的自力更生是无法生存更是无法发展的，因此，政府的任务和作用将不断增加，:@0.135135:0.143913:0.881255:0.143913:0.881255:0.127829:0.135135:0.127829:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
而政府当局的活动本身又将日益扩大这些任务和作用。政府越是日益扩大自己的任务:@0.135135:0.168485:0.880875:0.168485:0.880875:0.152400:0.135135:0.152400:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
和作用，私人能够涉足的领域将越来越少，这个原因和结果将不断循环下去。在私有化、:@0.135135:0.193056:0.891092:0.193056:0.891092:0.176972:0.135135:0.176972:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
私有制日益加强扩大的时代，从属性上来说，那些公共领域、公共产品最后不是都要:@0.135135:0.217628:0.881255:0.217628:0.881255:0.201543:0.135135:0.201543:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
由公共的政府当局来兴办和管理吗？在规制人类社会的一切法则中，有一条是我们必:@0.135135:0.242199:0.881125:0.242199:0.881125:0.226115:0.135135:0.226115:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
须要清醒明确的：如果人类打算不断走向文明和进步，那就要使国家的治理结构和治:@0.135135:0.266771:0.881125:0.266771:0.881125:0.250686:0.135135:0.250686:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
理水平不断扩大和完善。:@0.135135:0.291342:0.355383:0.291342:0.355383:0.275257:0.135135:0.275257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
二、西方的一人一票选举制与中国从下到上的领导与群众、选拔与选:@0.172973:0.330606:0.881085:0.330606:0.881085:0.312289:0.172973:0.312289:0.022883:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.022883:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.023684:0.022883
举双结合制:@0.135135:0.355178:0.249550:0.355178:0.249550:0.336860:0.135135:0.336860:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883
“一人一票”的西方民主，常沦为“一元一票”的金钱政治:@0.175676:0.389095:0.675929:0.389095:0.675929:0.373010:0.175676:0.373010:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.014939:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.014939:0.020023:0.020023:0.014941:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.014939:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
—:@0.675929:0.389095:0.715974:0.389095:0.715974:0.373010:0.675929:0.373010:0.040045
对金钱、社会地位、:@0.715974:0.389095:0.891093:0.389095:0.891093:0.373010:0.715974:0.373010:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.014939:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
政商关系的世袭和继承奠定了西方门阀政治的基础:@0.135135:0.413666:0.578574:0.413666:0.578574:0.397582:0.135135:0.397582:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
—:@0.578898:0.413666:0.618943:0.413666:0.618943:0.397582:0.578898:0.397582:0.040045
所谓民主选举出的政府其实是:@0.619085:0.413666:0.881059:0.413666:0.881059:0.397582:0.619085:0.397582:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
只能实行短期行为的专制政府:@0.135135:0.438238:0.397110:0.438238:0.397110:0.422153:0.135135:0.422153:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
—:@0.397417:0.438238:0.437462:0.438238:0.437462:0.422153:0.397417:0.422153:0.040045
金钱政治和门阀政治使西方的民选成为只有有钱人:@0.437603:0.438238:0.881043:0.438238:0.881043:0.422153:0.437603:0.422153:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
才能玩得起的游戏:@0.135135:0.462809:0.296297:0.462809:0.296297:0.446724:0.135135:0.446724:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
—:@0.296630:0.462809:0.336675:0.462809:0.336675:0.446724:0.296630:0.446724:0.040045
选民不都是理性的，所以建立在理性人假设基础上的一人一票:@0.336821:0.462809:0.880934:0.462809:0.880934:0.446724:0.336821:0.446724:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
制其实是不理性的:@0.135135:0.487380:0.296437:0.487380:0.296437:0.471296:0.135135:0.471296:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
—:@0.296710:0.487380:0.336755:0.487380:0.336755:0.471296:0.296710:0.471296:0.040045
在民主制度下，只要获得足够多的选票，你就是领袖，但在中:@0.336910:0.487380:0.881205:0.487380:0.881205:0.471296:0.336910:0.471296:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
国不行。中国的政治体系向全社会开放，但必须一步步来，一级级来，如果让没有任:@0.135135:0.511952:0.881095:0.511952:0.881095:0.495867:0.135135:0.495867:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
何工作经验和政治历练的人进入中南海，他如何治理整个国家？:@0.135135:0.536523:0.699561:0.536523:0.699561:0.520439:0.135135:0.520439:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020023
—:@0.699826:0.536523:0.739871:0.536523:0.739871:0.520439:0.699826:0.520439:0.040045
美国的选举是一:@0.740022:0.536523:0.881091:0.536523:0.881091:0.520439:0.740022:0.520439:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
人一票与金钱相结合，中国的选举是从下到上的领导与群众相结合、选拔与选举相结:@0.135135:0.561095:0.881125:0.561095:0.881125:0.545010:0.135135:0.545010:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
合，这就是集中与民主相结合。:@0.135135:0.585666:0.415451:0.585666:0.415451:0.569582:0.135135:0.569582:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
我们知道，民主的主要诉求是推出人民之主。以选举国家领导人来说，所有所谓:@0.175676:0.610238:0.880810:0.610238:0.880810:0.594153:0.175676:0.594153:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
民主国家都以可以自由选择他们的统治者这一所谓优越性而自夸，一人一票的选举政:@0.135135:0.634809:0.880875:0.634809:0.880875:0.618724:0.135135:0.618724:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
治是西方自由民主的标签，那我们就来比较一下究竟是一人一票的自由选举科学可靠:@0.135135:0.659381:0.880875:0.659381:0.880875:0.643296:0.135135:0.643296:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
还是中国的领导与群众相结合、选举与选拔相结合科学可靠。首先，我不否认竞选也:@0.135135:0.683952:0.881255:0.683952:0.881255:0.667867:0.135135:0.667867:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
可能选出优秀的领导者，但总觉得不如领导加群众、选拔加选举的双结合制靠谱、可靠。:@0.135135:0.708523:0.891092:0.708523:0.891092:0.692439:0.135135:0.692439:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
西方的民选，更具体地说美国式的民选，其实就是一种大企业和“权势人物”资:@0.175676:0.733095:0.881236:0.733095:0.881236:0.717010:0.175676:0.717010:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020099:0.020173:0.020023
助竞选人从而选择适宜自己的政府的模式，其实是一种金钱政治和门阀政治。表面上:@0.135135:0.757666:0.881117:0.757666:0.881117:0.741582:0.135135:0.741582:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020025:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
“一人一票”的西方民主，常沦为“一元一票”的财团垄断政治，或是被政客操纵的:@0.135135:0.782238:0.881095:0.782238:0.881095:0.766153:0.135135:0.766153:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020103:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020103:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
民粹政治。西方政治的另一个普遍现象是，豪门世家把持西方政坛，在民主外衣的包:@0.135135:0.806809:0.881255:0.806809:0.881255:0.790725:0.135135:0.790725:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
裹下，对金钱、社会地位、政商关系的世袭和继承奠定了西方门阀政治的基础。:@0.135135:0.831381:0.835924:0.831381:0.835924:0.815296:0.135135:0.815296:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
大家知道，西方经济普遍实行资本主义私有制，家族企业非常普遍。美国的家族:@0.175676:0.855952:0.880810:0.855952:0.880810:0.839868:0.175676:0.839868:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
企业占美国企业总数的:@0.135135:0.880524:0.336442:0.880524:0.336442:0.864439:0.135135:0.864439:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020023
96%:@0.341427:0.881564:0.378129:0.881564:0.378129:0.862843:0.341427:0.862843:0.010011:0.010011:0.016679
。罗斯柴尔德家族、杜邦家族、奥纳西斯家族、洛克菲勒:@0.378129:0.880524:0.881215:0.880524:0.881215:0.864439:0.378129:0.864439:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020023:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020023:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020023:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020023
家族、:@0.135135:0.905095:0.195289:0.905095:0.195289:0.889010:0.135135:0.889010:0.020109:0.020023:0.020023
IBM:@0.195289:0.906135:0.233112:0.906135:0.233112:0.887415:0.195289:0.887415:0.006668:0.013355:0.017800
沃森家族、高尔文家族、福特家族、马克思家族、迪士尼家族、摩根家族:@0.238131:0.905095:0.880935:0.905095:0.880935:0.889010:0.238131:0.889010:0.020103:0.020103:0.020103:0.020023:0.020103:0.020103:0.020103:0.020103:0.020103:0.020023:0.020103:0.020103:0.020103:0.020103:0.020023:0.020103:0.020103:0.020103:0.020103:0.020103:0.020023:0.020103:0.020103:0.020103:0.020103:0.020103:0.020023:0.020103:0.020103:0.020103:0.020103:0.020023