• 194 •:@0.118919:0.946969:0.160108:0.946969:0.160108:0.932706:0.118919:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
On Centralized Democracy —Taking China as an Example:@0.179757:0.081230:0.450417:0.081230:0.450417:0.070402:0.179757:0.070402:0.008261:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005080:0.005721:0.003181:0.004451:0.005721:0.003181:0.003181:0.004451:0.005080:0.005721:0.002860:0.008261:0.005080:0.008261:0.005721:0.005080:0.004451:0.005721:0.005080:0.005080:0.002860:0.010171:0.005310:0.005721:0.005080:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005721:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.005721:0.004451:0.002860:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.006991:0.005080:0.005721:0.008261:0.005721:0.003181:0.005080
论集中民主——以中国为例:@0.118811:0.070987:0.324757:0.070987:0.324757:0.057677:0.118811:0.057677:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
定在下届立法选举中丧失政权 。“民主”催生了一个“脱欧党”，除了乱上加乱之外，:@0.118919:0.119342:0.874876:0.119342:0.874876:0.103257:0.118919:0.103257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.005006:0.016721:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018373:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018371:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018373:0.018371:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
 :@0.379212:0.120382:0.384218:0.120382:0.384218:0.101662:0.379212:0.101662:0.005006
别无其他解释。:@0.118919:0.143913:0.259077:0.143913:0.259077:0.127829:0.118919:0.127829:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
在经过了多年的政党之争、国内分歧、两位首相辞职后，:@0.159460:0.168485:0.668855:0.168485:0.668855:0.152400:0.159460:0.152400:0.020443:0.020443:0.020443:0.020443:0.020443:0.020443:0.020443:0.020443:0.020443:0.020443:0.020023:0.020443:0.020443:0.020443:0.020443:0.020025:0.020443:0.020443:0.020443:0.020443:0.020443:0.020443:0.020443:0.020023:0.020023
2020:@0.668713:0.169525:0.708758:0.169525:0.708758:0.150805:0.668713:0.150805:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年:@0.713864:0.168485:0.733886:0.168485:0.733886:0.152400:0.713864:0.152400:0.020023
1:@0.738992:0.169525:0.749003:0.169525:0.749003:0.150805:0.738992:0.150805:0.010011
月:@0.754109:0.168485:0.774131:0.168485:0.774131:0.152400:0.754109:0.152400:0.020023
31:@0.779237:0.169525:0.799260:0.169525:0.799260:0.150805:0.779237:0.150805:0.010011:0.010011
日，英:@0.804365:0.168485:0.864848:0.168485:0.864848:0.152400:0.804365:0.152400:0.020023:0.020437:0.020023
国脱离欧盟，进入脱欧过渡期，最终于:@0.118919:0.193056:0.467714:0.193056:0.467714:0.176972:0.118919:0.176972:0.020623:0.020623:0.020623:0.020623:0.020023:0.020623:0.020623:0.020623:0.020623:0.020623:0.020623:0.020623:0.020025:0.020623:0.020623:0.020623:0.020023
2020:@0.472757:0.194096:0.512802:0.194096:0.512802:0.175376:0.472757:0.175376:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年:@0.517948:0.193056:0.537971:0.193056:0.537971:0.176972:0.517948:0.176972:0.020023
12:@0.543117:0.194096:0.563139:0.194096:0.563139:0.175376:0.543117:0.175376:0.010011:0.010011
月:@0.568285:0.193056:0.588307:0.193056:0.588307:0.176972:0.568285:0.176972:0.020023
31:@0.593453:0.194096:0.613476:0.194096:0.613476:0.175376:0.593453:0.175376:0.010011:0.010011
日，正式离开欧洲单一市场:@0.618622:0.193056:0.864899:0.193056:0.864899:0.176972:0.618622:0.176972:0.020023:0.020623:0.020623:0.020623:0.020623:0.020623:0.020623:0.020623:0.020623:0.020623:0.020623:0.020023
和关税同盟。但脱欧一年后，情况却糟于预期。据英国舆论研究机构奥皮妞姆咨询公:@0.118919:0.217628:0.865039:0.217628:0.865039:0.201543:0.118919:0.201543:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
司:@0.118919:0.242199:0.138942:0.242199:0.138942:0.226115:0.118919:0.226115:0.020023
2021:@0.143987:0.243239:0.184032:0.243239:0.184032:0.224519:0.143987:0.224519:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年底对大约:@0.189078:0.242199:0.289912:0.242199:0.289912:0.226115:0.189078:0.226115:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
1900:@0.294977:0.243239:0.335022:0.243239:0.335022:0.224519:0.294977:0.224519:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
名英国成年人进行的民意调查，结果显示，认为脱离欧盟后:@0.340068:0.242199:0.864799:0.242199:0.864799:0.226115:0.340068:0.226115:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
情况好于预期的只有:@0.118919:0.266771:0.300083:0.266771:0.300083:0.250686:0.118919:0.250686:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020023
14%:@0.305049:0.267811:0.341750:0.267811:0.341750:0.249090:0.305049:0.249090:0.010011:0.010011:0.016679
，反过来说，绝大多数（大约六成以上）英国选民认为脱离:@0.341750:0.266771:0.865035:0.266771:0.865035:0.250686:0.341750:0.250686:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020023:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020023:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020079:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020143:0.020023
欧盟以后的结果偏于负面，或糟于预期。民众对现状愈发不满。英国全国经济与社会:@0.118919:0.291342:0.865039:0.291342:0.865039:0.275257:0.118919:0.275257:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
研究所的研究显示，受供应链瓶颈以及脱欧影响，英国经济在未来几年陷入长期滞涨:@0.118919:0.315913:0.864909:0.315913:0.864909:0.299829:0.118919:0.299829:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
的风险正在增加。截至:@0.118919:0.340485:0.320586:0.340485:0.320586:0.324400:0.118919:0.324400:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
2021:@0.325652:0.341525:0.365697:0.341525:0.365697:0.322805:0.325652:0.322805:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年:@0.370742:0.340485:0.390765:0.340485:0.390765:0.324400:0.370742:0.324400:0.020023
10:@0.395811:0.341525:0.415833:0.341525:0.415833:0.322805:0.395811:0.322805:0.010011:0.010011
月底，相比脱欧前，英国与欧盟的货物贸易就已下:@0.420879:0.340485:0.864799:0.340485:0.864799:0.324400:0.420879:0.324400:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
降了:@0.118919:0.365056:0.158964:0.365056:0.158964:0.348972:0.118919:0.348972:0.020023:0.020023
15.7%:@0.163970:0.366096:0.215688:0.366096:0.215688:0.347376:0.163970:0.347376:0.010011:0.010011:0.005006:0.010011:0.016679
。:@0.215688:0.365056:0.235710:0.365056:0.235710:0.348972:0.215688:0.348972:0.020023
五、西方的程式民主与中国的实质民主:@0.156757:0.404321:0.545766:0.404321:0.545766:0.386003:0.156757:0.386003:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883
程式，在这里是指程序和形式。说到民主，无论东西方，都有程序民主和实质民:@0.159460:0.438238:0.865054:0.438238:0.865054:0.422153:0.159460:0.422153:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
主两方面。而就程序民主方面，我认为中国和美国都有许多应该改进的地方，而在实:@0.118919:0.462809:0.865039:0.462809:0.865039:0.446724:0.118919:0.446724:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
质民主方面，我认为中国比美国做得好，好得多。:@0.118919:0.487380:0.559415:0.487380:0.559415:0.471296:0.118919:0.471296:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
比如拿美国的国会议员选举和中国的人民代表选举来说，我们的人民代表选举确:@0.159460:0.511952:0.864874:0.511952:0.864874:0.495867:0.159460:0.495867:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
实还有一些需要改进和完善的地方，但是美国的国会议员选举问题就大了。美国现在:@0.118919:0.536523:0.864909:0.536523:0.864909:0.520439:0.118919:0.520439:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
的参选率一般为:@0.118919:0.561095:0.262200:0.561095:0.262200:0.545010:0.118919:0.545010:0.020543:0.020543:0.020543:0.020543:0.020543:0.020543:0.020023
55%:@0.267366:0.562135:0.304067:0.562135:0.304067:0.543415:0.267366:0.543415:0.010011:0.010011:0.016679
左右，当选率在:@0.309213:0.561095:0.451974:0.561095:0.451974:0.545010:0.309213:0.545010:0.020543:0.020023:0.020543:0.020543:0.020543:0.020543:0.020023
52%:@0.457140:0.562135:0.493841:0.562135:0.493841:0.543415:0.457140:0.543415:0.010011:0.010011:0.016679
，也就是说，:@0.493841:0.561095:0.616059:0.561095:0.616059:0.545010:0.493841:0.545010:0.020543:0.020543:0.020543:0.020543:0.020023:0.020023
100:@0.616079:0.562135:0.646112:0.562135:0.646112:0.543415:0.616079:0.543415:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
个选民中间，只有:@0.651258:0.561095:0.814562:0.561095:0.814562:0.545010:0.651258:0.545010:0.020543:0.020543:0.020543:0.020543:0.020023:0.020543:0.020543:0.020023
55:@0.819728:0.562135:0.839750:0.562135:0.839750:0.543415:0.819728:0.543415:0.010011:0.010011
个:@0.844896:0.561095:0.864919:0.561095:0.864919:0.545010:0.844896:0.545010:0.020023
人参加选举，你得到了这:@0.118919:0.585666:0.340428:0.585666:0.340428:0.569582:0.118919:0.569582:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
55:@0.345434:0.586706:0.365457:0.586706:0.365457:0.567986:0.345434:0.567986:0.010011:0.010011
票中的:@0.370502:0.585666:0.430850:0.585666:0.430850:0.569582:0.370502:0.569582:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
52%:@0.435876:0.586706:0.472577:0.586706:0.472577:0.567986:0.435876:0.567986:0.010011:0.010011:0.016679
，也就是:@0.472577:0.585666:0.553088:0.585666:0.553088:0.569582:0.472577:0.569582:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
20:@0.558113:0.586706:0.578136:0.586706:0.578136:0.567986:0.558113:0.567986:0.010011:0.010011
多票，你就赢了，这也叫民主？:@0.583182:0.585666:0.864899:0.585666:0.864899:0.569582:0.583182:0.569582:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020023
从中国人的角度来看，这简直就是笑话，但这在美国人看来，这就是民主，他们就是:@0.118919:0.610238:0.864879:0.610238:0.864879:0.594153:0.118919:0.594153:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
这样认为的。这就是所谓程序民主，程序是没有漏洞，但实际上并没有实现真正的民主，:@0.118919:0.634809:0.874876:0.634809:0.874876:0.618724:0.118919:0.618724:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
因为他们没有代表多数，也没有取得多数认可。我们说，程序是人定的，如果说凡是:@0.118919:0.659381:0.864879:0.659381:0.864879:0.643296:0.118919:0.643296:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
符合自己定的程序就是民主，那么世界上任何国家都可以说他们是民主国家。对不？:@0.118919:0.683952:0.865039:0.683952:0.865039:0.667867:0.118919:0.667867:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
有中国学者曾查过美国盖洛普公司过去十年的民调，看看美国国会在美国民众中的支:@0.118919:0.708523:0.864659:0.708523:0.864659:0.692439:0.118919:0.692439:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
持率，几乎没有超过:@0.118919:0.733095:0.298677:0.733095:0.298677:0.717010:0.118919:0.717010:0.020023:0.020023:0.019578:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
20%:@0.303567:0.734135:0.340268:0.734135:0.340268:0.715415:0.303567:0.715415:0.010011:0.010011:0.016679
的。当民主的质量降到这样一种水平的时候，还说是民主，:@0.345154:0.733095:0.864851:0.733095:0.864851:0.717010:0.345154:0.717010:0.020023:0.019578:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019578:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
还说是好的制度，还有向全世界推销，何以服人？:@0.118919:0.757666:0.559415:0.757666:0.559415:0.741582:0.118919:0.741582:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
现在西方的民主已经变成程序和形式高于一切，程式正义就等于实质正义。像英:@0.159460:0.782238:0.864733:0.782238:0.864733:0.766153:0.159460:0.766153:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
国脱欧这样一个关乎英国人长远利益和根本利益的重大决定，竟然只需要简单多数来:@0.118919:0.806809:0.864659:0.806809:0.864659:0.790725:0.118919:0.790725:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
决定，投票的时候，竟然有三分之二:@0.118919:0.831381:0.441622:0.831381:0.441622:0.815296:0.118919:0.815296:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
18:@0.446708:0.832421:0.466731:0.832421:0.466731:0.813700:0.446708:0.813700:0.010011:0.010011
岁到:@0.471776:0.831381:0.512002:0.831381:0.512002:0.815296:0.471776:0.815296:0.020203:0.020023
24:@0.517047:0.832421:0.537070:0.832421:0.537070:0.813700:0.517047:0.813700:0.010011:0.010011
岁的青年宅在家里，没有去投票，而:@0.542115:0.831381:0.864819:0.831381:0.864819:0.815296:0.542115:0.815296:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020023
公投的结果恰恰对青年人的影响最为长久，他们输掉了这场公投，但却没有办法纠正:@0.118919:0.855952:0.864909:0.855952:0.864909:0.839868:0.118919:0.839868:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
了，因为英国已经完成了民主议程。这说明其决策是多么粗糙和草率。:@0.118919:0.880524:0.739618:0.880524:0.739618:0.864439:0.118919:0.864439:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
反观中国，中国人民当家作主的主要标志是人民代表大会制度，中国的人民代表:@0.159460:0.905095:0.864733:0.905095:0.864733:0.889010:0.159460:0.889010:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023