• 231 •:@0.839890:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.839890:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.470440:0.071740:0.483311:0.071740:0.483311:0.055694:0.470440:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第六章 中国的集中民主与西方自由民主的实证对比:@0.483311:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.483311:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.534798:0.073066:0.543379:0.073066:0.543379:0.057020:0.534798:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
 :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.004291
对欧洲封建专制的否定和革新。但是随着时间的推移，美国的民主逐渐异化和蜕变，:@0.135135:0.119342:0.881255:0.119342:0.881255:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
已经越来越背离民主的内核和制度设计的初衷，国内治理问题越来越多，民主的功能:@0.135135:0.143897:0.881125:0.143897:0.881125:0.127812:0.135135:0.127812:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
越来越呈现衰退之相。:@0.135135:0.168451:0.335681:0.168451:0.335681:0.152367:0.135135:0.152367:0.020063:0.020063:0.020063:0.020063:0.020063:0.020063:0.020063:0.020063:0.020023:0.020023
2020:@0.335661:0.169492:0.375706:0.169492:0.375706:0.150771:0.335661:0.150771:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年:@0.380712:0.168451:0.400734:0.168451:0.400734:0.152367:0.380712:0.152367:0.020023
11:@0.405740:0.169492:0.425022:0.169492:0.425022:0.150771:0.405740:0.150771:0.009270:0.010011
月，《华尔街网站》指出，在:@0.430027:0.168451:0.690661:0.168451:0.690661:0.152367:0.430027:0.152367:0.020023:0.020023:0.020063:0.020063:0.020063:0.020063:0.020063:0.020043:0.020063:0.020063:0.020023:0.020063:0.020023
2020:@0.695646:0.169492:0.735691:0.169492:0.735691:0.150771:0.695646:0.150771:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年大选中，人们:@0.740697:0.168451:0.881055:0.168451:0.881055:0.152367:0.740697:0.152367:0.020063:0.020063:0.020063:0.020023:0.020063:0.020063:0.020023
对美国民主制度的信心下降到:@0.135135:0.193006:0.399933:0.193006:0.399933:0.176922:0.135135:0.176922:0.020393:0.020403:0.020393:0.020403:0.020393:0.020403:0.020393:0.020403:0.020393:0.020403:0.020393:0.020403:0.020023
20:@0.404979:0.194046:0.425001:0.194046:0.425001:0.175326:0.404979:0.175326:0.010011:0.010011
年来最低点。《:@0.430107:0.193006:0.571767:0.193006:0.571767:0.176922:0.430107:0.176922:0.020393:0.020403:0.020393:0.020403:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
2021:@0.571747:0.194046:0.611792:0.194046:0.611792:0.175326:0.571747:0.175326:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年全球民主状况》报告显示，:@0.616897:0.193006:0.881129:0.193006:0.881129:0.176922:0.616897:0.176922:0.020403:0.020393:0.020393:0.020403:0.020393:0.020403:0.020209:0.020393:0.020403:0.020393:0.020403:0.020021:0.020023
美国被列为民主倒退国家之列。美国现总统拜登在竞选时就说，他只要一上台，就召:@0.135135:0.217561:0.881257:0.217561:0.881257:0.201477:0.135135:0.201477:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020025:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
开全球民主峰会，以挽救衰退中的（西方）民主。:@0.135135:0.242116:0.575631:0.242116:0.575631:0.226031:0.135135:0.226031:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
放眼全球，以美国为代表的西方的自由民主已进入晚期。《民主杂志》主编之一:@0.175676:0.266671:0.881236:0.266671:0.881236:0.250586:0.175676:0.250586:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020099:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023
戴蒙德报道说：“自从约:@0.135135:0.291225:0.348756:0.291225:0.348756:0.275141:0.135135:0.275141:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018367:0.015051:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
2006:@0.352940:0.292265:0.392985:0.292265:0.392985:0.273545:0.352940:0.273545:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年以来，世界一直处在温和但长期的民主衰退过程中。”:@0.397170:0.291225:0.891106:0.291225:0.891106:0.275141:0.397170:0.275141:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.016709:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.016709:0.020023
与此相对照的是“中国模式”创造奇迹，美国的全球领导地位在削弱，中国的领导地:@0.135135:0.315780:0.881173:0.315780:0.881173:0.299696:0.135135:0.299696:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020101:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
位在加强。:@0.135135:0.340335:0.235248:0.340335:0.235248:0.324250:0.135135:0.324250:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
柏拉图的《理想国》里有一段话，摘自苏格拉底和朋友们讨论不同政治制度的性:@0.175676:0.364890:0.880882:0.364890:0.880882:0.348805:0.175676:0.348805:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020020:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020097:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
质、它们随时间推移发生变化以及一种政治制度会慢慢演变成另一种政治制度的对话。:@0.135135:0.389444:0.891092:0.389444:0.891092:0.373360:0.135135:0.373360:0.020023:0.015123:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
在他们看来，民主制度是自由与平等最大化的政治制度，民主政治持续的时间越长就:@0.135135:0.413999:0.881125:0.413999:0.881125:0.397915:0.135135:0.397915:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
会变得越民主，自由会增加，平等会蔓延，对任何一种权威的敬畏都会消失，多元文:@0.135135:0.438554:0.881097:0.438554:0.881097:0.422469:0.135135:0.422469:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020025:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
化和性自由将造就犹如“五色斑斓之衣裳”的城市或国家。柏拉图认为，在许多人看:@0.135135:0.463109:0.881171:0.463109:0.881171:0.447024:0.135135:0.447024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020020:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020101:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
来，这种组织体制是最公平的。但它本质上是不稳定的：随着精英阶层的权威渐弱，:@0.135135:0.487664:0.881095:0.487664:0.881095:0.471579:0.135135:0.471579:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
随着当权派的价值观点让位于民众价值观，个人观点和个性会变得五花八门且互不理:@0.135135:0.512218:0.880875:0.512218:0.880875:0.496134:0.135135:0.496134:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
解。一旦人人平等，一旦精英阶层遭到鄙视而为所欲为得到正式认可或无可奈何，那:@0.135135:0.536773:0.881255:0.536773:0.881255:0.520689:0.135135:0.520689:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
么，民主政治就到了晚期。富人受到攻击，不平等越来越让人无法容忍。父权制也被:@0.135135:0.561328:0.881095:0.561328:0.881095:0.545243:0.135135:0.545243:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
打破……家庭里长幼尊卑颠倒，“（父亲）习于与为子者平等，而有时竟对之有畏惧:@0.135135:0.585883:0.880861:0.585883:0.880861:0.569798:0.135135:0.569798:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020107:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
之心。为子者俨然与父并立，而逐渐忽其敬上之念。”在课堂上，“教师必畏惧学子，:@0.135135:0.610438:0.891092:0.610438:0.891092:0.594353:0.135135:0.594353:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019208:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
而有谄媚之行为。学子则藐视教师，不听其教训”……:@0.135135:0.634992:0.615676:0.634992:0.615676:0.618908:0.135135:0.618908:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
柏拉图的看法恍惚折射了我们这个时代的民主乱象。蛊惑人心、为所欲为的特朗:@0.175676:0.659547:0.880950:0.659547:0.880950:0.643462:0.175676:0.643462:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
普、勒庞还有那些狂热的民粹主义者、民族主义者和民运分子等，活脱脱就是《理想国》:@0.135135:0.684102:0.891092:0.684102:0.891092:0.668017:0.135135:0.668017:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013794:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
里的那些人物形象。西方的民主政治已经进入晚期，开始暴露出种种的危险征兆。:@0.135135:0.708657:0.855947:0.708657:0.855947:0.692572:0.135135:0.692572:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
（一）自由民主的十大衰相:@0.172973:0.734856:0.424685:0.734856:0.424685:0.717080:0.172973:0.717080:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976
1.:@0.175676:0.759556:0.191408:0.759556:0.191408:0.739944:0.175676:0.739944:0.010488:0.005244
从政党状态看西方民主的衰落:@0.196652:0.758406:0.469340:0.758406:0.469340:0.742093:0.196652:0.742093:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976
欧洲国家的政党民主正在走向终结，政党民主几乎在各地都失去吸引力。意大利:@0.175676:0.782321:0.880950:0.782321:0.880950:0.766236:0.175676:0.766236:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
“红色托斯卡地区”以前的左翼时代曾经是那么美好：在每个城市，在每个村庄，同:@0.135135:0.806876:0.881175:0.806876:0.881175:0.790791:0.135135:0.790791:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020103:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
志们在地方党部讨论政治。他们也在很多地方执政:@0.135135:0.831431:0.578657:0.831431:0.578657:0.815346:0.135135:0.815346:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020025:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
—:@0.578939:0.831431:0.618984:0.831431:0.618984:0.815346:0.578939:0.815346:0.040045
非常早的时候是作为共产党，:@0.619135:0.831431:0.881100:0.831431:0.881100:0.815346:0.619135:0.815346:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
后来作为左翼民主党，再后来是作为以“民主党”为名的社会民主党。但现在越来越:@0.135135:0.855985:0.881173:0.855985:0.881173:0.839901:0.135135:0.839901:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020101:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
多的地方党都消失了。几乎欧洲各地的大多数政党都面临党员流失的问题，法国、意:@0.135135:0.880540:0.881255:0.880540:0.881255:0.864456:0.135135:0.864456:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
大利和英国的政党在过去:@0.135135:0.905095:0.357095:0.905095:0.357095:0.889010:0.135135:0.889010:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023
3:@0.362131:0.906135:0.372142:0.906135:0.372142:0.887415:0.362131:0.887415:0.010011
年里总共流失了多达:@0.377188:0.905095:0.558762:0.905095:0.558762:0.889010:0.377188:0.889010:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023
150:@0.563798:0.906135:0.593832:0.906135:0.593832:0.887415:0.563798:0.887415:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
万党员，在德国，两大执政党社:@0.598877:0.905095:0.881075:0.905095:0.881075:0.889010:0.598877:0.889010:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023