• 15 •:@0.847517:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.847517:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.573413:0.071740:0.586284:0.071740:0.586284:0.055694:0.573413:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第一章 中国民主是集中民主，为什么:@0.586284:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.586284:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.637771:0.073066:0.646352:0.073066:0.646352:0.057020:0.637771:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
 :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.004291
新时代，各国执政的阶级基础和经济基础都发生了变化，所以，民主也必然发生变化，:@0.135135:0.119342:0.891092:0.119342:0.891092:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
民主的概念和理论自然也到了应该改写的时候了。:@0.135135:0.143897:0.575631:0.143897:0.575631:0.127812:0.135135:0.127812:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
4.:@0.175676:0.170241:0.191408:0.170241:0.191408:0.150629:0.175676:0.150629:0.010488:0.005244
新时代需要新的民主政治和民主理论，自由民主不是历史的终结，集中民:@0.196757:0.169092:0.881088:0.169092:0.881088:0.152778:0.196757:0.152778:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.021437:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.020976:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.021437:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.020976:0.021427:0.021427:0.021427:0.020976
主必将开辟民主的新纪元:@0.135135:0.193646:0.365871:0.193646:0.365871:0.177333:0.135135:0.177333:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976
在:@0.175676:0.217561:0.195698:0.217561:0.195698:0.201476:0.175676:0.201476:0.020023
1989:@0.200744:0.218601:0.240789:0.218601:0.240789:0.199881:0.200744:0.199881:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年柏林墙倒塌和:@0.245835:0.217561:0.387074:0.217561:0.387074:0.201476:0.245835:0.201476:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
1991:@0.392099:0.218601:0.432145:0.218601:0.432145:0.199881:0.392099:0.199881:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年社会主义阵营瓦解之后，对许多人来说，这些事:@0.437190:0.217561:0.881110:0.217561:0.881110:0.201476:0.437190:0.201476:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
件标志着现代历史的终结，他们宣布资本主义为人类的最终阶段，自由民主是政府的:@0.135135:0.242116:0.881117:0.242116:0.881117:0.226031:0.135135:0.226031:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020025:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
最终形式。其代表性理论就是福山的“历史终结论”。美国的弗朗西斯·福山在《历:@0.135135:0.266671:0.880859:0.266671:0.880859:0.250586:0.135135:0.250586:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020107:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
史的终结与最后的人》一书中说：“我们现在见证的可能不只是冷战的结束，或者一:@0.135135:0.291225:0.881173:0.291225:0.881173:0.275141:0.135135:0.275141:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020101:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
段后二战时代历史的结束，而是历史的终结：也就是说，这是人类意识形态变革的终:@0.135135:0.315780:0.881255:0.315780:0.881255:0.299696:0.135135:0.299696:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
点，西方自由民主的普世化也将成为人类政府的最终形式。”他进一步阐释所谓历史:@0.135135:0.340335:0.881255:0.340335:0.881255:0.324250:0.135135:0.324250:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
的终结是说人类关于政治制度的设计，就在西方自由民主制度面前止步了，也就是说，:@0.135135:0.364890:0.891092:0.364890:0.891092:0.348805:0.135135:0.348805:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017574:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017572:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
西方的自由民主制度是人类文明的最高点，是不可逾越的。也就是他们所说的“普世:@0.135135:0.389444:0.881255:0.389444:0.881255:0.373360:0.135135:0.373360:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
价值”，用我们的老话说，就是放之四海而皆准的意思。这不是一般的孤傲，这简直:@0.135135:0.413999:0.881017:0.413999:0.881017:0.397915:0.135135:0.397915:0.020183:0.020105:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
就是对世界的蔑视！不仅理论上说不通，哲学上说不通，实践上更说不通！因为实践:@0.135135:0.438554:0.881095:0.438554:0.881095:0.422469:0.135135:0.422469:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
表明，这一论断并没有得到足够的证据支持，各国都有自己的民主方式，其他形式的:@0.135135:0.463109:0.881255:0.463109:0.881255:0.447024:0.135135:0.447024:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
国家都取得了前所未有的经济增长，甚至超过了自由民主国家，新加坡和中国就是证:@0.135135:0.487664:0.881125:0.487664:0.881125:0.471579:0.135135:0.471579:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
据。以新加坡为例，新加坡是华人主导的社会，但也有很多马来人、印度人。新加坡:@0.135135:0.512218:0.880937:0.512218:0.880937:0.496134:0.135135:0.496134:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
是不允许少数族群搞大规模聚居的，也不容许各个民族建立自己的政党，无论是单一:@0.135135:0.536773:0.881125:0.536773:0.881125:0.520689:0.135135:0.520689:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
种族的群居还是种族基础上的政党，都会成为搞独立的基础。但新加坡设计了“集选:@0.135135:0.561328:0.881255:0.561328:0.881255:0.545243:0.135135:0.545243:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
区”制度，就是每个选区有数名候选人是不同族裔的组合，民众投票给这种混合团队，:@0.135135:0.585883:0.891092:0.585883:0.891092:0.569798:0.135135:0.569798:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
把少数族群的候选人带入政府，这样就避免了他们代表性不足的问题，也避免了种族:@0.135135:0.610438:0.881125:0.610438:0.881125:0.594353:0.135135:0.594353:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
主义。而我们中国的选举制度比他们又先进多了，优越多了，硬性多了，我们是规定:@0.135135:0.634992:0.881095:0.634992:0.881095:0.618908:0.135135:0.618908:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
了必须有多少名少数民族的代表参加各级人民代表大会，以确保完整的高度的代表性。:@0.135135:0.659547:0.891092:0.659547:0.891092:0.643462:0.135135:0.643462:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015123:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
民主在每个历史时代都是以各种不同的方式，在完全不同的社会关系下面发展起:@0.175676:0.684102:0.881090:0.684102:0.881090:0.668017:0.175676:0.668017:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
来的，要想把自由民主作为一种换象的和永恒的观念、范畴来下定义，只能是形而上:@0.135135:0.708657:0.881255:0.708657:0.881255:0.692572:0.135135:0.692572:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
学或法学家们的幻想。没有适用于一切时代和一切国家的民主，福山犯了把资本主义:@0.135135:0.733211:0.881125:0.733211:0.881125:0.717127:0.135135:0.717127:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
的政治关系当作永恒范畴的一切政治社会学家的通病。福山本人过后也对自己的终结:@0.135135:0.757766:0.880875:0.757766:0.880875:0.741682:0.135135:0.741682:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
论做了反思和检讨。:@0.135135:0.782321:0.315338:0.782321:0.315338:0.766236:0.135135:0.766236:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
“圣人不死，大盗不止。”两千多年前中国的哲人就看穿和否定了精神霸权，不:@0.175676:0.806876:0.881272:0.806876:0.881272:0.790791:0.175676:0.790791:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020025:0.020183:0.020023
承认精神霸权的大旗大棒招牌与虎皮效用。我们应该知道，人是有限的，迄今为止，:@0.135135:0.831431:0.881095:0.831431:0.881095:0.815346:0.135135:0.815346:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
我们的一切知识都是建立在相对论的基础上的，那种认为绝对的智慧是我们人类没有:@0.135135:0.855985:0.880875:0.855985:0.880875:0.839901:0.135135:0.839901:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
力量去获得的。自由民主反映了人类事业上毋庸置疑的进步，促进了许多国家的发展:@0.135135:0.880540:0.881125:0.880540:0.881125:0.864456:0.135135:0.864456:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
与进步，但，我们万不可把这种相对的知识理论和人类宇宙间绝对真理等同起来，因:@0.135135:0.905095:0.881255:0.905095:0.881255:0.889010:0.135135:0.889010:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023