• 253 •:@0.839890:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.839890:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.607737:0.071740:0.620609:0.071740:0.620609:0.055694:0.607737:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第七章 如何评价中国的集中民主:@0.620609:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.620609:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.672095:0.073066:0.680676:0.073066:0.680676:0.057020:0.672095:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
 :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.004291
自然有其政治管理上的优势的。在中国早期，虽然也出现过氏族民主制，但并没有能:@0.135135:0.119342:0.881255:0.119342:0.881255:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
发展和延续，跨入文明门槛以后，中国便形成了不发达的贵族制和发达的君主制两种:@0.135135:0.143897:0.881125:0.143897:0.881125:0.127812:0.135135:0.127812:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
政体，而从战国开始，便出现专制主义集权政体的初步形态，进入秦代后，专制主义:@0.135135:0.168451:0.881095:0.168451:0.881095:0.152367:0.135135:0.152367:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
君主集权政体逐渐成形，之后，在中国历史上这一专制政体延续长达两千多年之久。:@0.135135:0.193006:0.875969:0.193006:0.875969:0.176922:0.135135:0.176922:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
当今，中国的权力、利益以谁为代表，当然是中国共产党，集中民主谁集中，当:@0.175676:0.217561:0.881114:0.217561:0.881114:0.201477:0.175676:0.201477:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
然是中国共产党集中。具体地说，就是党的一把手集中，党中央有党中央的一把手集中，:@0.135135:0.242116:0.891092:0.242116:0.891092:0.226031:0.135135:0.226031:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
各地的党委有各地党委的一把手集中，一把手代表制与人大代表制的关系，实质上就:@0.135135:0.266671:0.881125:0.266671:0.881125:0.250586:0.135135:0.250586:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
是集中与民主的关系，中国共产党是全中国人民的代表，各地一把手就是各地区人民:@0.135135:0.291225:0.881125:0.291225:0.881125:0.275141:0.135135:0.275141:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
的代表。这是客观事实，也是执政规律，总要有一个人说了算。:@0.135135:0.315780:0.695766:0.315780:0.695766:0.299696:0.135135:0.299696:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
集中充满中国的历史和现实的一切领域。在中国，集中是一件根本大事，一切都:@0.175676:0.340335:0.880810:0.340335:0.880810:0.324250:0.175676:0.324250:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
由它产生，我们随时可见，在家庭，在家族，在工厂，在商场，在军队，在共产党内。:@0.135135:0.364890:0.891092:0.364890:0.891092:0.348805:0.135135:0.348805:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019322:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019324:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019322:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019324:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019322:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019324:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019322:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
集中不光是集权，集中首先是集思广益，集中民智，集中大家的智慧，然后经过分析、:@0.135135:0.389444:0.891092:0.389444:0.891092:0.373360:0.135135:0.373360:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018799:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
权衡、优化、选择，由最高领导者作出决策。这种方法，这种现象，可见于中国人的:@0.135135:0.413999:0.881095:0.413999:0.881095:0.397915:0.135135:0.397915:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023
一切生活和工作领域。中国就是这样在历史和现实的土壤里，建立起集中民主的强大:@0.135135:0.438554:0.881125:0.438554:0.881125:0.422469:0.135135:0.422469:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
体制。其实，每个国家都是这样，也必须如此，只有从自己的社会内部来发掘适合于:@0.135135:0.463109:0.881097:0.463109:0.881097:0.447024:0.135135:0.447024:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
自己的道路和制度。就像每个个人只有从自己的实际出发，才能找到适合自己发展的:@0.135135:0.487664:0.881125:0.487664:0.881125:0.471579:0.135135:0.471579:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
道路一样。:@0.135135:0.512218:0.235248:0.512218:0.235248:0.496134:0.135135:0.496134:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
集中民主是我们这个复杂的自主人社会和越来越平等的社会所需要的。我说过，:@0.175676:0.536773:0.880950:0.536773:0.880950:0.520689:0.175676:0.520689:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020023
我们这个时代是一个复杂的自主人时代，这个时代的人普遍地十分讨厌服从和与自己:@0.135135:0.561328:0.880875:0.561328:0.880875:0.545243:0.135135:0.545243:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
平等的邻人的指点，人人都认为自己比别人高明，可以指导别人，他们对自己周围的:@0.135135:0.585883:0.881255:0.585883:0.881255:0.569798:0.135135:0.569798:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
人是又嫉妒又害怕，而地位无可争议地高于全体公民的国家元首则不会引起人们的嫉:@0.135135:0.610438:0.880875:0.610438:0.880875:0.594353:0.135135:0.594353:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
妒，因为他离他们太远了，因为他们理解他的特权是必要的、自然的、合理的、符合:@0.135135:0.634992:0.880935:0.634992:0.880935:0.618908:0.135135:0.618908:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
他们自身利益和需要的，他们也相信他比他们都圣明；但是，如果享有这种特权的人:@0.135135:0.659547:0.881255:0.659547:0.881255:0.643462:0.135135:0.643462:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
多了，人们就又会嫉妒了，而如果形成一个阶层，那就会形成隔阂甚至对立了。所以:@0.135135:0.684102:0.881095:0.684102:0.881095:0.668017:0.135135:0.668017:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
说一个复杂的自主人社会和一个越来越平等的社会，特别有利于一切政治权利逐步集:@0.135135:0.708657:0.880875:0.708657:0.880875:0.692572:0.135135:0.692572:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
中于国家的唯一代表手里，所以说，无论是从政出一人，还是从百姓心理承受力出发，:@0.135135:0.733211:0.891092:0.733211:0.891092:0.717127:0.135135:0.717127:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
国家的最高代表只能有一，不能有二。这是集中民主的社会心理和社会伦理基础。在:@0.135135:0.757766:0.881255:0.757766:0.881255:0.741682:0.135135:0.741682:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
中国，民主的最高形式是全国人民代表大会，集中的最高形式是中国共产党的中央常:@0.135135:0.782321:0.881125:0.782321:0.881125:0.766236:0.135135:0.766236:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
委会，核心是习近平，维护党中央的权威和集中统一领导就是中国最大的政治。这就:@0.135135:0.806876:0.881255:0.806876:0.881255:0.790791:0.135135:0.790791:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
是集中民主的中国模式，中国道路，中国方法，中国制度。:@0.135135:0.831431:0.655721:0.831431:0.655721:0.815346:0.135135:0.815346:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
在一个复杂的自主人世界，每个人对他人的命运大都是不太关心的，最多只关心:@0.175676:0.855985:0.880950:0.855985:0.880950:0.839901:0.175676:0.839901:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
他们的子女、家庭或亲友，这些在他们看来就是整个人类。每个人都想独立于社会，:@0.135135:0.880540:0.881095:0.880540:0.881095:0.864456:0.135135:0.864456:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
并且只是为了自己或自己的小圈子而生存，祖国的概念对他们来说将日益淡漠。在这:@0.135135:0.905095:0.881125:0.905095:0.881125:0.889010:0.135135:0.889010:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023