• 256 •:@0.118919:0.946969:0.160108:0.946969:0.160108:0.932706:0.118919:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
On Centralized Democracy —Taking China as an Example:@0.179757:0.081230:0.450417:0.081230:0.450417:0.070402:0.179757:0.070402:0.008261:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005080:0.005721:0.003181:0.004451:0.005721:0.003181:0.003181:0.004451:0.005080:0.005721:0.002860:0.008261:0.005080:0.008261:0.005721:0.005080:0.004451:0.005721:0.005080:0.005080:0.002860:0.010171:0.005310:0.005721:0.005080:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005721:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.005721:0.004451:0.002860:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.006991:0.005080:0.005721:0.008261:0.005721:0.003181:0.005080
论集中民主——以中国为例:@0.118811:0.070987:0.324757:0.070987:0.324757:0.057677:0.118811:0.057677:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
摘果子。但不会有个人独裁和为所欲为。:@0.118919:0.119342:0.479325:0.119342:0.479325:0.103257:0.118919:0.103257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
我有以下理由相信中国的集中民主不会导向独裁、专制和暴政。:@0.159460:0.143897:0.720091:0.143897:0.720091:0.127812:0.159460:0.127812:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
①首先，有宪法和党章的制度保障。党章、宪法都明确规定民主集中制是党和政:@0.159460:0.168451:0.864591:0.168451:0.864591:0.152367:0.159460:0.152367:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020020:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
府的组织原则，据此各级领导构机都有议事规则和决策规程，中国的决策机构在党内:@0.118919:0.193006:0.864909:0.193006:0.864909:0.176922:0.118919:0.176922:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
有党的中央全会、政治局会议和常委会，在政府层面，有在总理领导下的国务院全体:@0.118919:0.217561:0.865039:0.217561:0.865039:0.201477:0.118919:0.201477:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
会议和常务会议，各部委行政首长领导下的部务会议或委员会议、常务会议，地方各:@0.118919:0.242116:0.865039:0.242116:0.865039:0.226031:0.118919:0.226031:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
级人民政府行政首长领导下的全体会议和常务会议，不是个人拍脑袋，独裁与专制首:@0.118919:0.266671:0.864909:0.266671:0.864909:0.250586:0.118919:0.250586:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
先在党内和政府高层就吃不开，玩不转，行不通；领导干部任期制和废除终身制也堵:@0.118919:0.291225:0.865039:0.291225:0.865039:0.275141:0.118919:0.275141:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
塞了个人野心家的独裁之路。:@0.118919:0.315780:0.379212:0.315780:0.379212:0.299696:0.118919:0.299696:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
②全国人大和政协的政治保障。全国人民代表大会制度，完全可以有效地遏制国:@0.159460:0.340335:0.864733:0.340335:0.864733:0.324250:0.159460:0.324250:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
家元首的权力，纠正错误的决策和决定，减少极端中央集权可能造成的弊端。而中共:@0.118919:0.364890:0.865039:0.364890:0.865039:0.348805:0.118919:0.348805:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
和各民主党派的政治协商制度也不是写在纸上玩的，重大事项中共均无法绕过政协。:@0.118919:0.389444:0.859753:0.389444:0.859753:0.373360:0.118919:0.373360:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
什么是专制？专制是统治者独揽国家大权，实行专横统治的政治制度。像奴隶制:@0.159460:0.413999:0.864593:0.413999:0.864593:0.397915:0.159460:0.397915:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
国家和封建制国家采用的君主制，皇帝或国王拥有无限权力。近代的法西斯也是专制:@0.118919:0.438554:0.864909:0.438554:0.864909:0.422469:0.118919:0.422469:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
制度。而独裁是指由统治者个人独揽国家最高权力，以专制残暴的手段实行统治的方:@0.118919:0.463109:0.864909:0.463109:0.864909:0.447024:0.118919:0.447024:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
式，像古代的罗马。显然，中国在法理上、体制上和实践上都没有这些特征。:@0.118919:0.487664:0.799685:0.487664:0.799685:0.471579:0.118919:0.471579:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
③思想理论保障。中国共产党是一个以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义理论武装起:@0.159460:0.512218:0.864874:0.512218:0.864874:0.496134:0.159460:0.496134:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
来的党，这种哲学从意识层面就时刻警醒共产党人自觉克服主观主义、唯意志论，坚:@0.118919:0.536773:0.865039:0.536773:0.865039:0.520689:0.118919:0.520689:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
持实事求是，与时俱进，从思想上理论上有效防止脱离群众，脱离实践，个人专制。:@0.118919:0.561328:0.864719:0.561328:0.864719:0.545243:0.118919:0.545243:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
单是这一点，我们党就绝不可能堕落到那种程度。:@0.118919:0.585883:0.559415:0.585883:0.559415:0.569798:0.118919:0.569798:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
在中国，集中民主是有共同的思想基础的。从思想上来说，中国的统一思想统一:@0.159460:0.610438:0.864593:0.610438:0.864593:0.594353:0.159460:0.594353:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
行动是建立在共识的基础上的运作，共识何以取得？就是集中民主而不是独裁，独裁:@0.118919:0.634992:0.865039:0.634992:0.865039:0.618908:0.118919:0.618908:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
无法取得共识。中国共产党是靠人民大众起家的，是靠人民大众上台的，独裁专制是:@0.118919:0.659547:0.865039:0.659547:0.865039:0.643462:0.118919:0.643462:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
与中国共产党的本质、宗旨、思想方法、工作方法根本不相容的，所以我们不必害怕:@0.118919:0.684102:0.864879:0.684102:0.864879:0.668017:0.118919:0.668017:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
或担心中共会不民主而走上独裁。:@0.118919:0.708657:0.419257:0.708657:0.419257:0.692572:0.118919:0.692572:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
④民心民意民情保障。有人说，对人类文明威胁最大、破坏最烈的，是不受制约:@0.159460:0.733211:0.865054:0.733211:0.865054:0.717127:0.159460:0.717127:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
的权力，其次才是自然灾害和人类的无知。我说，人民就是制约，而且是最有效力的:@0.118919:0.757766:0.864879:0.757766:0.864879:0.741682:0.118919:0.741682:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
制约！“民可载舟亦可覆舟”，任何一个执政者都懂得这个道理，这就是最大的制约。:@0.118919:0.782321:0.874876:0.782321:0.874876:0.766236:0.118919:0.766236:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018799:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
世上并不是只有对立面才是制约，只有两党制才有制约。现代社会制约权力的因素多:@0.118919:0.806876:0.864909:0.806876:0.864909:0.790791:0.118919:0.790791:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
了，网络、舆论、媒体、法律、制度、组织、道德道义等等，都在有形无形地制约着:@0.118919:0.831431:0.864801:0.831431:0.864801:0.815346:0.118919:0.815346:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020025:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
权力，无数双眼睛每天都在看着他们。:@0.118919:0.855985:0.459302:0.855985:0.459302:0.839901:0.118919:0.839901:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
我说过，我们现在是一个复杂的自主人社会，人人既想依附于政府和社会，又想:@0.159460:0.880540:0.864593:0.880540:0.864593:0.864456:0.159460:0.864456:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
保持个人的完全独立，他们喜欢权力，又轻视政府，这种本性会反复出现。它们可能:@0.118919:0.905095:0.864879:0.905095:0.864879:0.889010:0.118919:0.889010:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023