• 266 •:@0.118919:0.946969:0.160108:0.946969:0.160108:0.932706:0.118919:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
On Centralized Democracy —Taking China as an Example:@0.179757:0.081230:0.450417:0.081230:0.450417:0.070402:0.179757:0.070402:0.008261:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005080:0.005721:0.003181:0.004451:0.005721:0.003181:0.003181:0.004451:0.005080:0.005721:0.002860:0.008261:0.005080:0.008261:0.005721:0.005080:0.004451:0.005721:0.005080:0.005080:0.002860:0.010171:0.005310:0.005721:0.005080:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005721:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.005721:0.004451:0.002860:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.006991:0.005080:0.005721:0.008261:0.005721:0.003181:0.005080
论集中民主——以中国为例:@0.118811:0.070987:0.324757:0.070987:0.324757:0.057677:0.118811:0.057677:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
者个人的道德和行为，而统治者的道德、言行是规范被统治者道德、言行的尺度。中:@0.118919:0.119342:0.864879:0.119342:0.864879:0.103257:0.118919:0.103257:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
国儒家以此作为统治者的治国之本。“为政以德”《论语·颜渊》：“政者，正也，:@0.118919:0.145608:0.864869:0.145608:0.864869:0.129523:0.118919:0.129523:0.020213:0.020211:0.020213:0.020211:0.020213:0.020213:0.020211:0.020213:0.020213:0.020211:0.020213:0.020211:0.020213:0.020213:0.020023:0.020023:0.020211:0.020213:0.020213:0.020211:0.020119:0.020023:0.020211:0.020213:0.020023:0.020213:0.020211:0.020119:0.020023:0.020023:0.020211:0.020213:0.020023:0.020213:0.020211:0.020023:0.020023
子帅以正，孰敢不正？”《礼记·中庸》：“文武之政，布在方策，其人存，则其政:@0.118919:0.171874:0.864863:0.171874:0.864863:0.155789:0.118919:0.155789:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020023:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020023:0.020023:0.020024:0.020223:0.020223:0.020023:0.020223:0.020223:0.020123:0.020024:0.020023:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020023:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020023:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020023:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020023
举，其人亡，则其政息。”德政就包含人治。德政说是儒家政治思想的中心内容，是:@0.118919:0.198140:0.864887:0.198140:0.864887:0.182055:0.118919:0.182055:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020020:0.020023:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020023
以道德教化为政准则的政治学说。德政主要内容就包括一方面统治者个人要以身作则，:@0.118919:0.224406:0.874876:0.224406:0.874876:0.208321:0.118919:0.208321:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015123:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
严于律己，强调举贤才，德才兼备，以德为先；另一方面，就是要重视对民众的道德:@0.118919:0.250672:0.864719:0.250672:0.864719:0.234587:0.118919:0.234587:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
教化等。中国传统政治思想就有“隆礼重法”“礼法兼施”“王霸并用”“法术势”:@0.118919:0.276938:0.864969:0.276938:0.864969:0.260853:0.118919:0.260853:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020111:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020111:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020113:0.020020:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020109:0.020023
结合等，讲的都是不拘一格，不囿一家之说。:@0.118919:0.303204:0.519370:0.303204:0.519370:0.287119:0.118919:0.287119:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
为了防止片面理解我所讲的人治，我在这里归纳一下，我之“人治”有四义：一:@0.159460:0.329470:0.864974:0.329470:0.864974:0.313385:0.159460:0.313385:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020103:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
指传统上的政治要求，即统治者个人要以身作则，严于律己，在道德上给群众做出榜样。:@0.118919:0.355736:0.874876:0.355736:0.874876:0.339652:0.118919:0.339652:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
二，以人治人，有点以夷治夷之意；又指在没有法律依据或某些紧急情况下，治人者:@0.118919:0.382002:0.864883:0.382002:0.864883:0.365917:0.118919:0.365917:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020025:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
有权“便宜从事”，就是他说了算。三，举贤才，任贤与能。德治情治理治法治最后:@0.118919:0.408268:0.865063:0.408268:0.865063:0.392184:0.118919:0.392184:0.020203:0.020021:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020109:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
都要靠人治，靠人来治，也就是治本在得人；人治有时有换人、采取组织措施的意思。:@0.118919:0.434534:0.874876:0.434534:0.874876:0.418449:0.118919:0.418449:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018799:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019410:0.019410:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
四，根据人性来治理，就是说在管理上要讲人性化，这一点上，我们中国还是薄弱的。:@0.118919:0.460800:0.874876:0.460800:0.874876:0.444716:0.118919:0.444716:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018799:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
一切政治，都是治人，也靠人治，一切政治学都是人学，人性学。我们长期以来:@0.159460:0.487066:0.864894:0.487066:0.864894:0.470982:0.159460:0.470982:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
拒绝和批判人性论，在看待历史和现实问题时，总是缺乏人性考虑，其实是不科学的，:@0.118919:0.513332:0.874876:0.513332:0.874876:0.497248:0.118919:0.497248:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
是我们的一个理论缺陷，也因此吃过亏。我们的先哲虽然很早即论述过人性，但我国:@0.118919:0.539598:0.865039:0.539598:0.865039:0.523514:0.118919:0.523514:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
长期以来缺乏人性教育，而人性实是人格形成的基础，长期缺乏人性教育，便难以培:@0.118919:0.565864:0.865039:0.565864:0.865039:0.549780:0.118919:0.549780:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
育出健全的人格，也难以进行国民性改造，任何国民性改造与提升，必以人性为依据。:@0.118919:0.592130:0.874876:0.592130:0.874876:0.576046:0.118919:0.576046:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
文明是设计出来的，而制度设计必须以人性为依据，制度执行也必须结合人性为考量。:@0.118919:0.618396:0.874876:0.618396:0.874876:0.602312:0.118919:0.602312:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017574:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017572:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
应当看到，以往我们在制定政策和具体施策中，以及在如何看待历史和现实问题时，:@0.118919:0.644662:0.865039:0.644662:0.865039:0.628578:0.118919:0.628578:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
存在着一定的缺乏人性的考虑的问题，我们的制度和文化历来就有压抑人性的不利方:@0.118919:0.670928:0.864659:0.670928:0.864659:0.654844:0.118919:0.654844:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
面，可以说，今后如不注意这个问题，很多错误还会重犯，许多悲剧还会重演。比如:@0.118919:0.697194:0.864719:0.697194:0.864719:0.681110:0.118919:0.681110:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
消灭一切私有制、一大二公、一刀切、计划经济、吃食堂等等。:@0.118919:0.723460:0.679550:0.723460:0.679550:0.707376:0.118919:0.707376:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
党治、法治、专制、民主的争论并不重要，重要的是良治。专制也有良治，民主:@0.159460:0.749726:0.864733:0.749726:0.864733:0.733642:0.159460:0.733642:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
也有劣治。专制会有错，民主也会有错。不管什么治，最后都要靠人治。:@0.118919:0.775992:0.759640:0.775992:0.759640:0.759908:0.118919:0.759908:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
五、中国的集中民主与中共的自我监督、自我革命:@0.156757:0.816951:0.660181:0.816951:0.660181:0.798634:0.156757:0.798634:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883
中国共产党历史这么长、规模这么大、执政这么久，如何跳出治乱兴衰的历史周:@0.159460:0.852563:0.864593:0.852563:0.864593:0.836478:0.159460:0.836478:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
期率？:@0.118919:0.878829:0.178987:0.878829:0.178987:0.862744:0.118919:0.862744:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
20:@0.183692:0.879869:0.203714:0.879869:0.203714:0.861149:0.183692:0.861149:0.010011:0.010011
世纪:@0.208420:0.878829:0.248465:0.878829:0.248465:0.862744:0.208420:0.862744:0.020023:0.020023
40:@0.253170:0.879869:0.273193:0.879869:0.273193:0.861149:0.253170:0.861149:0.010011:0.010011
年代，毛泽东在延安的窑洞里给出答案：“只有让人民来监督政府，:@0.277898:0.878829:0.874900:0.878829:0.874900:0.862744:0.277898:0.862744:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019410:0.018186:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
政府才不敢松懈。”中国的民主监督是广泛而全面的，包括中国共产党和各民主党派:@0.118919:0.905095:0.865037:0.905095:0.865037:0.889010:0.118919:0.889010:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020020:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023