• 268 •:@0.118919:0.946969:0.160108:0.946969:0.160108:0.932706:0.118919:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
On Centralized Democracy —Taking China as an Example:@0.179757:0.081230:0.450417:0.081230:0.450417:0.070402:0.179757:0.070402:0.008261:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005080:0.005721:0.003181:0.004451:0.005721:0.003181:0.003181:0.004451:0.005080:0.005721:0.002860:0.008261:0.005080:0.008261:0.005721:0.005080:0.004451:0.005721:0.005080:0.005080:0.002860:0.010171:0.005310:0.005721:0.005080:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005721:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.005721:0.004451:0.002860:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.006991:0.005080:0.005721:0.008261:0.005721:0.003181:0.005080
论集中民主——以中国为例:@0.118811:0.070987:0.324757:0.070987:0.324757:0.057677:0.118811:0.057677:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
平在今年（:@0.118919:0.119342:0.219032:0.119342:0.219032:0.103257:0.118919:0.103257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
2020:@0.219032:0.120382:0.259077:0.120382:0.259077:0.101662:0.219032:0.101662:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年）纪检监察会议上的讲话再次强调，党的十八大以来，我们探索出:@0.264102:0.119342:0.864779:0.119342:0.864779:0.103257:0.264102:0.103257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
一条长期执政条件下解决自身问题、跳出历史周期率的成功道路，构建起一套行之有:@0.118919:0.145534:0.864909:0.145534:0.864909:0.129449:0.118919:0.129449:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
效的权力监督制度和执纪执法体系，这条道路、这套制度必须长期坚持并不断巩固发:@0.118919:0.171725:0.864909:0.171725:0.864909:0.155641:0.118919:0.155641:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
展。党的十九届四中全会对坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和:@0.118919:0.197917:0.864909:0.197917:0.864909:0.181833:0.118919:0.181833:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
治理能力现代化作出战略部署。纪检监察战线要抓好相关工作落实。:@0.118919:0.224109:0.723690:0.224109:0.723690:0.208024:0.118919:0.208024:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020023
—:@0.723956:0.224109:0.764001:0.224109:0.764001:0.208024:0.723956:0.208024:0.040045
这段话说明:@0.764151:0.224109:0.864875:0.224109:0.864875:0.208024:0.764151:0.208024:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023
中央领导非常清楚自身的问题，非常清醒地认识到问题的严峻性并做出相应对策与制:@0.118919:0.250301:0.864659:0.250301:0.864659:0.234216:0.118919:0.234216:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
度安排，下决心净化队伍，自我革命，争取党进一步强大自身。有这样清醒和自觉的党，:@0.118919:0.276493:0.874876:0.276493:0.874876:0.260408:0.118919:0.260408:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013794:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
我们应当信任和放心。习近平态度坚决地指出，全党同志要永葆自我革命精神，增强:@0.118919:0.302684:0.865039:0.302684:0.865039:0.286600:0.118919:0.286600:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
全面从严治党永远在路上的政治自觉。中国共产党为什么勇于自我革命？因为党代表:@0.118919:0.328876:0.864909:0.328876:0.864909:0.312791:0.118919:0.312791:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
最广大人民根本利益，没有任何自己特殊的利益，坦坦荡荡，大公无私，如此才有自:@0.118919:0.355068:0.864879:0.355068:0.864879:0.338983:0.118919:0.338983:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
我革命的动力和勇气，这也是我们中国共产党区别于其他政党的显著标志。:@0.118919:0.381260:0.779663:0.381260:0.779663:0.365175:0.118919:0.365175:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
国家政体要健康顺畅运行，没有监察机制是不行的。在这方面，中国其实有很好:@0.159460:0.407451:0.864593:0.407451:0.864593:0.391367:0.159460:0.391367:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
的传统。在中国古代政治体制上，皇权专制政体成为主体，成为最典型的政治管理体制，:@0.118919:0.433643:0.874876:0.433643:0.874876:0.417559:0.118919:0.417559:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
而皇权专制政体有一个显著特点，那就是把决策权、监察权和行政权都集中于帝王一:@0.118919:0.459835:0.864909:0.459835:0.864909:0.443750:0.118919:0.443750:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
身。在这种体制之下，帝王的权力是至高无上的，超越了法律，变成了自上而下的单:@0.118919:0.486027:0.864881:0.486027:0.864881:0.469942:0.118919:0.469942:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
向控制管理体系，自然，这种专制的单向管理体制在国家宏观战略的制定和实施方面:@0.118919:0.512218:0.864909:0.512218:0.864909:0.496134:0.118919:0.496134:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
都难免出现倾斜或失误，为了弥补因帝王独断所可能造成的对王朝根本利益的损害，:@0.118919:0.538410:0.864909:0.538410:0.864909:0.522326:0.118919:0.522326:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020023
即对统治系统的根本目的偏离，历朝历代都会采取一些控制措施，而监察制度的设置:@0.118919:0.564602:0.864909:0.564602:0.864909:0.548517:0.118919:0.548517:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
便是非常重要的措施之一，古代的监察制度成了皇权专制政体的有效的纠错机制。古:@0.118919:0.590794:0.864901:0.590794:0.864901:0.574709:0.118919:0.574709:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020024:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020023
代中国监察制度主要包括两方面的机构，一是御史体系，负责弹劾纠察；二是谏官体系，:@0.118919:0.616986:0.874876:0.616986:0.874876:0.600901:0.118919:0.600901:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015870:0.015868:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
负责谏诤封驳。监察制度提供了弹劾非违、维持纲纪、整肃百僚、纠正官邸的监察功能，:@0.118919:0.643177:0.874876:0.643177:0.874876:0.627093:0.118919:0.627093:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013794:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
通过“彰善瘴恶，激浊扬清”的方式，上劝帝王，中督权臣，下察官吏，促进中央政:@0.118919:0.669369:0.865063:0.669369:0.865063:0.653284:0.118919:0.653284:0.020203:0.020021:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020109:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
府管理职能的积极运转，保证政治权力的顺畅运行，对于皇权专制政体发挥了积极的:@0.118919:0.695561:0.864909:0.695561:0.864909:0.679476:0.118919:0.679476:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
“纠错”作用。监察制度，包括御史和谏官的设置也是帝王管理谋略的一项制度化措施，:@0.108908:0.721753:0.874876:0.721753:0.874876:0.705668:0.108908:0.705668:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015053:0.020023:0.020023:0.015053:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015051:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
在古代国家制度中占有重要地位，是很值得深入探讨的课题。:@0.118919:0.747944:0.659528:0.747944:0.659528:0.731860:0.118919:0.731860:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
中国自秦朝起就建立监御史制度，经:@0.159460:0.774136:0.487359:0.774136:0.487359:0.758051:0.159460:0.758051:0.020563:0.020553:0.020563:0.020563:0.020563:0.020553:0.020563:0.020563:0.020563:0.020553:0.020563:0.020563:0.020563:0.020023:0.020563:0.020023
2000:@0.492414:0.775176:0.532459:0.775176:0.532459:0.756456:0.492414:0.756456:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
多年的发展，形成一套“自上而下的:@0.537605:0.774136:0.864964:0.774136:0.864964:0.758051:0.537605:0.758051:0.020563:0.020563:0.020553:0.020563:0.020023:0.020563:0.020563:0.020553:0.020563:0.020023:0.020563:0.020563:0.020553:0.020563:0.020563:0.020023
独立于行政权的监察体系”。古代监察体制与机制是古代政治文化的重要体现，也是:@0.118919:0.800328:0.865115:0.800328:0.865115:0.784243:0.118919:0.784243:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020099:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
一份宝贵的文化遗产，比如它的垂直性、单向性、独立性、公正性，以及“以小制大”“闻:@0.118919:0.826520:0.864865:0.826520:0.864865:0.810435:0.118919:0.810435:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013153:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013153:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013155:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013153:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013153:0.020023:0.013153:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.006283:0.020023:0.020023
风奏事”等招法确实值得我们借鉴，所谓“以小制大”是朝廷对监官采用秩卑、权重、:@0.118919:0.852712:0.874876:0.852712:0.874876:0.836627:0.118919:0.836627:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019044:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019041:0.020023:0.019043:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019043:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019041:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
厚赏、重罚的政策，给予级别低的监察官员以监察级别高的官的权力，以保证监察的:@0.118919:0.878903:0.865039:0.878903:0.865039:0.862819:0.118919:0.862819:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
独立性和公正性，避免监察部门权高位重而徇私舞弊，威胁中央；同时，也防止行政:@0.118919:0.905095:0.864879:0.905095:0.864879:0.889010:0.118919:0.889010:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023