• 269 •:@0.839890:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.839890:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.607737:0.071740:0.620609:0.071740:0.620609:0.055694:0.607737:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第七章 如何评价中国的集中民主:@0.620609:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.620609:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.672095:0.073066:0.680676:0.073066:0.680676:0.057020:0.672095:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
 :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.004291
官员利用品级高职位高来干扰监察工作。确是一着妙招。我甚至想，对各级纪委委员:@0.135135:0.119342:0.881255:0.119342:0.881255:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
和办案人员以及各级监察官员和办案人员能否采取直选方法，而不是选拔任命的方法，:@0.135135:0.145534:0.891092:0.145534:0.891092:0.129449:0.135135:0.129449:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015123:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
甚至在全国范围内直选，以保证人民最大的监督权。这既不干预党管干部的原则（因:@0.135135:0.171725:0.881255:0.171725:0.881255:0.155641:0.135135:0.155641:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
为除监察外的其他干部制度不变）同时又兼顾人民对干部的监督（只要被监出问题就:@0.135135:0.197917:0.880809:0.197917:0.880809:0.181833:0.135135:0.181833:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020097:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
一定下台），形成一套基本上升靠上（上级），降靠下（人民）的机制。人民无权让:@0.135135:0.224109:0.881273:0.224109:0.881273:0.208024:0.135135:0.208024:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020109:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020109:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020109:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
你升，但有权让你降！因为监察官员是人民直选的，这样，既不威胁党的集中统一领导，:@0.135135:0.250301:0.891092:0.250301:0.891092:0.234216:0.135135:0.234216:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
又保障党的干部队伍越来越纯洁。当然，我只是一说，具体还需进一步探索和论证或:@0.135135:0.276493:0.881255:0.276493:0.881255:0.260408:0.135135:0.260408:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
试验。还有监官与谏官的相互制衡等等。:@0.135135:0.302684:0.495541:0.302684:0.495541:0.286600:0.135135:0.286600:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
我个人认为，中国监察制度最根本的改革和建设是如何对党和国家最高领导人的:@0.175676:0.328876:0.881090:0.328876:0.881090:0.312791:0.175676:0.312791:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
“监谏”，其次是解决省部级这个中梗阻问题，只有在这两个最有权力和最具榜样效:@0.135135:0.355068:0.881333:0.355068:0.881333:0.338983:0.135135:0.338983:0.020183:0.020183:0.020101:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
应的层次上解决问题，才能找到中国式的监察之道！也可以说，只有如此才能从根本:@0.135135:0.381260:0.881255:0.381260:0.881255:0.365175:0.135135:0.365175:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
上堵住了中国制度的根本漏洞。在这方面，古代监察制度的独立性和垂直管理机制对:@0.135135:0.407451:0.881125:0.407451:0.881125:0.391367:0.135135:0.391367:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
于纠弹违法官吏，监督国家政务的实施，保证政策与法令的贯彻，维护国家机器正常:@0.135135:0.433643:0.881255:0.433643:0.881255:0.417559:0.135135:0.417559:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
运行等都起了积极的作用，很值得重视。古代御史和谏官的设置对于政体管理制度的:@0.135135:0.459835:0.881117:0.459835:0.881117:0.443750:0.135135:0.443750:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020025:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
有序化也具有积极的意义。晚清的都察院设置尤其值得重视，比如，独立纠举弹劾之:@0.135135:0.486027:0.881255:0.486027:0.881255:0.469942:0.135135:0.469942:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
权的保证；于六部中设给事中；御史出使巡按地方制度的设立；地方分区监察和中央:@0.135135:0.512218:0.881255:0.512218:0.881255:0.496134:0.135135:0.496134:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
按系统监察相结合等，都是值得深入研究的，在当今，说不定很有值得借鉴的方式。:@0.135135:0.538410:0.881095:0.538410:0.881095:0.522326:0.135135:0.522326:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
严格监察官的选任以及监察系统内部监管机制的设计与设立等，这些方面，也都值得:@0.135135:0.564602:0.881125:0.564602:0.881125:0.548517:0.135135:0.548517:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
在现代优化监察制度时探讨、扬弃和借鉴的。中国历史上有许多敢于直谏和勇于纳谏:@0.135135:0.590794:0.881125:0.590794:0.881125:0.574709:0.135135:0.574709:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
的故事和美谈。历史的发展证明，凡是开明的王朝，能容许御史进行纠劾和谏官进行:@0.135135:0.616986:0.881255:0.616986:0.881255:0.600901:0.135135:0.600901:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
谏诤的，政治管理便会比较顺畅，因而常也能造就国泰民安的局面；反之，凡是助长:@0.135135:0.643177:0.881095:0.643177:0.881095:0.627093:0.135135:0.627093:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
阿谀逢迎之风，抑制纠劾、不纳良谏的帝王，则会破坏“纠错”机制，加剧专制体制:@0.135135:0.669369:0.880859:0.669369:0.880859:0.653284:0.135135:0.653284:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020107:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
的危机，导致王朝衰落甚至灭亡。:@0.135135:0.695561:0.435473:0.695561:0.435473:0.679476:0.135135:0.679476:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
“权力会导致腐败，极端权力会导致极端腐败”。集中民主的最大危险就是容易:@0.175676:0.721753:0.880884:0.721753:0.880884:0.705668:0.175676:0.705668:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020095:0.020024:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
导致权力过度集中，中共需认真面对一党专政的这个天然弊端。我个人认为，“文革”:@0.135135:0.747944:0.891092:0.747944:0.891092:0.731860:0.135135:0.731860:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018799:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017572:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
和改革开放，在一定程度和意义上，都是中国共产党的自我革命。“文革”的矛头直:@0.135135:0.774136:0.881019:0.774136:0.881019:0.758051:0.135135:0.758051:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020025:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020105:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
指党内走资本主义道路的当权派，毛的初衷是反修防修，保持中共本色和人民当家作:@0.135135:0.800328:0.881125:0.800328:0.881125:0.784243:0.135135:0.784243:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
主。改革开放，因为陈旧落后不合时宜，所以要改革，因为闭关锁国长期封闭，所以:@0.135135:0.826520:0.880935:0.826520:0.880935:0.810435:0.135135:0.810435:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
才开放，这些都是中共对自己的否定，都是自我革命。真正的伟大绝不是永没有错误:@0.135135:0.852712:0.881255:0.852712:0.881255:0.836627:0.135135:0.836627:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
的事情，而是永不被错误所掩埋罢了。真正的英雄，也不是永没有失败的时候，只是:@0.135135:0.878903:0.881095:0.878903:0.881095:0.862819:0.135135:0.862819:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
永不被失败所击倒罢了。毛泽东、邓小平都曾在公开场合承认自己所犯错误，应承担:@0.135135:0.905095:0.881255:0.905095:0.881255:0.889010:0.135135:0.889010:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023