• 314 •:@0.118919:0.946969:0.160108:0.946969:0.160108:0.932706:0.118919:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
On Centralized Democracy —Taking China as an Example:@0.179757:0.081230:0.450417:0.081230:0.450417:0.070402:0.179757:0.070402:0.008261:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005080:0.005721:0.003181:0.004451:0.005721:0.003181:0.003181:0.004451:0.005080:0.005721:0.002860:0.008261:0.005080:0.008261:0.005721:0.005080:0.004451:0.005721:0.005080:0.005080:0.002860:0.010171:0.005310:0.005721:0.005080:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005721:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.005721:0.004451:0.002860:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.006991:0.005080:0.005721:0.008261:0.005721:0.003181:0.005080
论集中民主——以中国为例:@0.118811:0.070987:0.324757:0.070987:0.324757:0.057677:0.118811:0.057677:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
别人掌握，所以使用数据信息的能力便成为新型权力的基础。我们完全有理由说，数:@0.118919:0.119342:0.865039:0.119342:0.865039:0.103257:0.118919:0.103257:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
据不仅仅是新时代的原油、火药，数据就是权力。如果不加监管，那么一小撮精英恶:@0.118919:0.144508:0.864879:0.144508:0.864879:0.128423:0.118919:0.128423:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
人不仅会控制未来的社会，还会塑造未来的生命形态。从一国来看，政府责无旁贷，:@0.118919:0.169674:0.864879:0.169674:0.864879:0.153590:0.118919:0.153590:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
必须对数据实行国有化，集中化管理，只有控制数据才能巩固政权，保护国家安全。:@0.118919:0.194840:0.864879:0.194840:0.864879:0.178756:0.118919:0.178756:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
从国际社会来看，全世界也就当然地需要对数据的集中管理，只有控制数据，才能避:@0.118919:0.220006:0.865039:0.220006:0.865039:0.203922:0.118919:0.203922:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
免可能的人类灾难。这是由客观条件和现实决定的。这种现实说明，新时代必然由少:@0.118919:0.245173:0.865039:0.245173:0.865039:0.229088:0.118919:0.229088:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
数人代表多数人，少数人决定多数人，所以，必然实行集中民主。:@0.118919:0.270339:0.699573:0.270339:0.699573:0.254254:0.118919:0.254254:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
从管理上看集中和集中民主。管理学的研究证明，不同人数的组织和管理方式是:@0.159460:0.295505:0.864733:0.295505:0.864733:0.279420:0.159460:0.279420:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
不同的。现在全世界是多少人，:@0.118919:0.320671:0.393004:0.320671:0.393004:0.304586:0.118919:0.304586:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
100:@0.386781:0.321711:0.416814:0.321711:0.416814:0.302991:0.386781:0.302991:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年前是多少人，:@0.420258:0.320671:0.560416:0.320671:0.560416:0.304586:0.420258:0.304586:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
100:@0.554189:0.321711:0.584223:0.321711:0.584223:0.302991:0.554189:0.302991:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
人和:@0.587667:0.320671:0.627712:0.320671:0.627712:0.304586:0.587667:0.304586:0.020023:0.020023
10000:@0.631156:0.321711:0.681212:0.321711:0.681212:0.302991:0.631156:0.302991:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
人的管理能一样吗？:@0.684656:0.320671:0.864859:0.320671:0.864859:0.304586:0.684656:0.304586:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
研究还证明，管理方法是随着人性的变化和人的成熟度的不断提高而变化的，现代人:@0.118919:0.345837:0.864901:0.345837:0.864901:0.329752:0.118919:0.329752:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020025:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
的文化、文明、智力水平和:@0.118919:0.371003:0.360811:0.371003:0.360811:0.354919:0.118919:0.354919:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
100:@0.365797:0.372043:0.395831:0.372043:0.395831:0.353323:0.365797:0.353323:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年前也大不一样了。研究还证明，管理方法和方式又:@0.400876:0.371003:0.864999:0.371003:0.864999:0.354919:0.400876:0.354919:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
是随着管理对象的繁简不同而变化的，现在一个城市的管理要素和:@0.118919:0.396169:0.703898:0.396169:0.703898:0.380085:0.118919:0.380085:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
100:@0.708863:0.397209:0.738897:0.397209:0.738897:0.378489:0.708863:0.378489:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年前的管理要:@0.743943:0.396169:0.864879:0.396169:0.864879:0.380085:0.743943:0.380085:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
素既不是一样多，也不是一个水平。历史和实践证明，人数不一样，秩序、联络、合作、:@0.118919:0.421335:0.874876:0.421335:0.874876:0.405251:0.118919:0.405251:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015870:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015868:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015870:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015868:0.020023:0.020023:0.015870:0.020023:0.020023:0.015868:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
控制、管理方式就不一样，人数多秩序就容易崩坏，就容易分裂。所以人数越多越需:@0.118919:0.446502:0.864879:0.446502:0.864879:0.430417:0.118919:0.430417:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
要集中，人越聪明越需要集中，情况越复杂越需要集中。:@0.118919:0.471668:0.619483:0.471668:0.619483:0.455583:0.118919:0.455583:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
从文明的推进来看集中民主。文明是设计出来的。马克思说：“是野蛮人具有能:@0.159460:0.496834:0.865054:0.496834:0.865054:0.480749:0.159460:0.480749:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
被使用于一切的素质，还是文明人自动去从事一切，是大有区别的 。”因为人性有:@0.118919:0.522000:0.864890:0.522000:0.864890:0.505915:0.118919:0.505915:0.020293:0.020303:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020023:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020023:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020303:0.020023:0.016610:0.020023:0.020293:0.020303:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020023
a:@0.711706:0.513004:0.723355:0.513004:0.723355:0.504939:0.711706:0.504939:0.011650
善也有恶，所以在制度设计上必须“先小人后君子”，只有这样，才能达到动机与效:@0.118919:0.547166:0.864803:0.547166:0.864803:0.531081:0.118919:0.531081:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020105:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
果的统一。人类的文明是从必然王国走向自由王国的，相关制度的设计，直接关系到:@0.118919:0.572332:0.865039:0.572332:0.865039:0.556248:0.118919:0.556248:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
文明的质量与抵达的进程，实践证明，这种主动设计用集中民主比自由民主更科学、:@0.118919:0.597498:0.865039:0.597498:0.865039:0.581414:0.118919:0.581414:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
更管用、更优越。:@0.118919:0.622664:0.279099:0.622664:0.279099:0.606580:0.118919:0.606580:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
从人性的发展来看集中民主。从人的本能和人性分析，随着全球化不可阻挡地普:@0.159460:0.647831:0.864732:0.647831:0.864732:0.631746:0.159460:0.631746:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020021:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
及和深化，人与人之间的差别将越来越小，人们的身份日趋平等，而每个人与他人的:@0.118919:0.672997:0.865039:0.672997:0.865039:0.656912:0.118919:0.656912:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
联系也日趋紧密，如此，一方面，个人的独立性会越来越强，而另一方面，当人们全:@0.118919:0.698163:0.864719:0.698163:0.864719:0.682078:0.118919:0.682078:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
都相同的时候，便希望也容易建立起一个统一和全职的政府，而且只凭本能就可以做:@0.118919:0.723329:0.864909:0.723329:0.864909:0.707244:0.118919:0.707244:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
到这一点。人的害怕动乱和爱好安乐的心理不知不觉地趋向扩大中央政府的职能，以:@0.118919:0.748495:0.864909:0.748495:0.864909:0.732410:0.118919:0.732410:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020023
保护自己的安全和安逸。这时，每个公民必会向往和重视社会整体，统一的观念必然:@0.118919:0.773661:0.865039:0.773661:0.865039:0.757576:0.118919:0.757576:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
纠缠着人们的精神，成为人们的共同追求，这时，集中民主将成为全人类的需要。这:@0.118919:0.798827:0.864879:0.798827:0.864879:0.782743:0.118919:0.782743:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
样组织起来的社会，必然有其稳定性和强大性，自然可持续可持久发展。:@0.118919:0.823993:0.759640:0.823993:0.759640:0.807909:0.118919:0.807909:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
（二）从天下万国到天下归一看集中和集中民主的必然趋势:@0.156757:0.850804:0.702133:0.850804:0.702133:0.833028:0.156757:0.833028:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976
5000:@0.159460:0.875366:0.199505:0.875366:0.199505:0.856645:0.159460:0.856645:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年前，文明兴起，王国各立。但总趋势是从天下万国到天下归一。天下归一:@0.204490:0.874326:0.864868:0.874326:0.864868:0.858241:0.204490:0.858241:0.020023:0.020023:0.019930:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019932:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019930:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019930:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
a :@0.118919:0.903806:0.147494:0.903806:0.147494:0.893925:0.118919:0.893925:0.014273:0.014302
马克思《政治经济学批判》导言，《马克思恩格斯选集》第二卷，第:@0.145946:0.904738:0.575000:0.904738:0.575000:0.893575:0.145946:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302
705:@0.578576:0.905481:0.600029:0.905481:0.600029:0.892109:0.578576:0.892109:0.007151:0.007151:0.007151
页。:@0.603604:0.904738:0.632208:0.904738:0.632208:0.893575:0.603604:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302