• 357 •:@0.839890:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.839890:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.642061:0.071740:0.654933:0.071740:0.654933:0.055694:0.642061:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第九章 集中民主与天下归一:@0.654933:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.654933:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.706419:0.073066:0.715001:0.073066:0.715001:0.057020:0.706419:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
 :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.004291
威胁。有效应对跨国性传染病，有赖于全球公共卫生系统的监控、调查、通报和一致:@0.135135:0.119342:0.881095:0.119342:0.881095:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
应对。许多穷国需要援助。然而，如果不改变不够系统的、各自为战的、混乱的工作:@0.135135:0.143897:0.880935:0.143897:0.880935:0.127812:0.135135:0.127812:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
方式，那么投入再多的钱也不可能达到改善全球公共卫生的目标。:@0.135135:0.168451:0.715789:0.168451:0.715789:0.152367:0.135135:0.152367:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
6.:@0.175676:0.194796:0.191408:0.194796:0.191408:0.175184:0.175676:0.175184:0.010488:0.005244
气候变化:@0.196652:0.193646:0.280556:0.193646:0.280556:0.177333:0.196652:0.177333:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976
全球变暖问题越来越被看作一件跨国性威胁和潜在的安全问题。诺贝尔和平奖委:@0.175676:0.217561:0.881090:0.217561:0.881090:0.201476:0.175676:0.201476:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
员会指出，气候变化是“国内以及国家之间日益增长的暴力冲突和战争威胁”的一个:@0.135135:0.242116:0.881331:0.242116:0.881331:0.226031:0.135135:0.226031:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020099:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
根源。而导致这一局面的是人类自己，日常经济活动中二氧化碳排放是导致气温上升:@0.135135:0.266671:0.881125:0.266671:0.881125:0.250586:0.135135:0.250586:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
的主要原因。各国政府可以通过税收和规章来让人们少抽烟，但在全球变暖问题上，:@0.135135:0.291225:0.881255:0.291225:0.881255:0.275141:0.135135:0.275141:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
做到这一点却困难得多，因为不存在一个可以迅速约束排放过量二氧化碳的全球政府，:@0.135135:0.315780:0.891092:0.315780:0.891092:0.299696:0.135135:0.299696:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015123:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
各国都会从自身利益考虑采取对策，像美国在:@0.135135:0.340335:0.544236:0.340335:0.544236:0.324250:0.135135:0.324250:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020023:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020023
2001:@0.549361:0.341375:0.589407:0.341375:0.589407:0.322655:0.549361:0.322655:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年决定不签署限定温室气体排放:@0.594532:0.340335:0.881095:0.340335:0.881095:0.324250:0.594532:0.324250:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020023
的国际协定:@0.135135:0.364890:0.235889:0.364890:0.235889:0.348805:0.135135:0.348805:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
—:@0.236192:0.364890:0.276237:0.364890:0.276237:0.348805:0.236192:0.348805:0.040045
《京都议定书》，就是因为它可能对美国经济造成太大的损害，而俄:@0.276237:0.364890:0.881156:0.364890:0.881156:0.348805:0.276237:0.348805:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020101:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
罗斯倒希望气候变暖给西伯利亚带来经济好处，因而具有不同于孟加拉国的考虑，后:@0.135135:0.389444:0.881125:0.389444:0.881125:0.373360:0.135135:0.373360:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020023
者作为一个穷国可能因为伴随着气候变暖而来的海平面升高，而面对洪涝的威胁。对:@0.135135:0.413999:0.881125:0.413999:0.881125:0.397915:0.135135:0.397915:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020023
更多国家的领导人来说，对本国人民负责而不是对气候变化负责，是第一位和最为重:@0.135135:0.438554:0.881125:0.438554:0.881125:0.422469:0.135135:0.422469:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
要的问题，于是采取搭便车和让别人采取代价高昂的解决措施自然成其主要选择。:@0.135135:0.463109:0.855947:0.463109:0.855947:0.447024:0.135135:0.447024:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
科学家们说，在未来:@0.175676:0.487664:0.346312:0.487664:0.346312:0.471579:0.175676:0.471579:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.010456:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
30:@0.348931:0.488704:0.368953:0.488704:0.368953:0.469983:0.348931:0.469983:0.010011:0.010011
年里，全球气温升高:@0.371576:0.487664:0.542212:0.487664:0.542212:0.471579:0.371576:0.471579:0.020023:0.020023:0.010456:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
1.6:@0.544831:0.488704:0.569860:0.488704:0.569860:0.469983:0.544831:0.469983:0.010011:0.005006:0.010011
到:@0.572483:0.487664:0.592505:0.487664:0.592505:0.471579:0.572483:0.471579:0.020023
2.8:@0.595128:0.488704:0.620156:0.488704:0.620156:0.469983:0.595128:0.469983:0.010011:0.005006:0.010011
摄氏度，会导致海平面上升:@0.622779:0.487664:0.853483:0.487664:0.853483:0.471579:0.622779:0.471579:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.010456:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
0.5:@0.856102:0.488704:0.881130:0.488704:0.881130:0.469983:0.856102:0.469983:0.010011:0.005006:0.010011
米，这只是保守估计，假如北极冰层反射性减少以及永冻土解冻导致二氧化碳和甲烷:@0.135135:0.512218:0.881125:0.512218:0.881125:0.496134:0.135135:0.496134:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
排放，海平面上升的程度会导致一些岛国被淹没，从而威胁整个国家生存。与此同时，:@0.135135:0.536773:0.891092:0.536773:0.891092:0.520689:0.135135:0.520689:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
在非洲和中亚这些地方，水源会变得更为稀缺，干旱将导致食物供应减少。大量移民:@0.135135:0.561328:0.881255:0.561328:0.881255:0.545243:0.135135:0.545243:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
将会流向富裕的、受影响较小的、适应力更强的地区，发达国家将迎来更大压力。此外，:@0.135135:0.585883:0.891092:0.585883:0.891092:0.569798:0.135135:0.569798:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013794:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
气候变化也将使得贫穷国家的弱小政府面临更大的压力，从而可能导致失败国家的数:@0.135135:0.610438:0.880875:0.610438:0.880875:0.594353:0.135135:0.594353:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
目增多。布什政府的《国家安全战略报告》指出，美国在跨国恐怖主义时代可能面临:@0.135135:0.634992:0.881175:0.634992:0.881175:0.618908:0.135135:0.618908:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020103:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
着更多来自失败国家而非来自大国的威胁。:@0.135135:0.659547:0.515563:0.659547:0.515563:0.643462:0.135135:0.643462:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
气候变化将导致国际与国内战争、恐怖主义以及犯罪，日益稀缺的粮食和水源将:@0.175676:0.684102:0.880948:0.684102:0.880948:0.668017:0.175676:0.668017:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020020:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
导致暴力冲突以及从穷国向富国的大规模移民，所有这些都使得气候变化成为一个可:@0.135135:0.708657:0.880875:0.708657:0.880875:0.692572:0.135135:0.692572:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
能导致潜在经济、环境和生命巨大代价的跨国性问题。超越军事层面从更广义的国家:@0.135135:0.733211:0.881125:0.733211:0.881125:0.717127:0.135135:0.717127:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
安全观念看，从国际安全的角度看，这无疑也是一个跨国性安全威胁。国际能源组织:@0.135135:0.757766:0.881255:0.757766:0.881255:0.741682:0.135135:0.741682:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
曾就全球能源问题要求国际社会采取合作的方式帮助中国和印度等国家提高能源使用:@0.135135:0.782321:0.881015:0.782321:0.881015:0.766236:0.135135:0.766236:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
效率，换句话说，美国等发达国家，即使只为自己的安全考虑，可能也不得不与中国:@0.135135:0.806876:0.881097:0.806876:0.881097:0.790791:0.135135:0.790791:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
等国家建立合作伙伴关系，以寻找防止危险的气候变化的方法、技术和政策。:@0.135135:0.831431:0.815902:0.831431:0.815902:0.815346:0.135135:0.815346:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
7.:@0.175676:0.857775:0.191408:0.857775:0.191408:0.838163:0.175676:0.838163:0.010488:0.005244
人口增长:@0.196652:0.856626:0.280556:0.856626:0.280556:0.840312:0.196652:0.840312:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976
现在全球人口:@0.175676:0.880540:0.298214:0.880540:0.298214:0.864456:0.175676:0.864456:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020023
78:@0.303320:0.881580:0.323342:0.881580:0.323342:0.862860:0.303320:0.862860:0.010011:0.010011
亿（:@0.328468:0.880540:0.368513:0.880540:0.368513:0.864456:0.328468:0.864456:0.020023:0.020023
2021:@0.368513:0.881580:0.408558:0.881580:0.408558:0.862860:0.368513:0.862860:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年:@0.413684:0.880540:0.433706:0.880540:0.433706:0.864456:0.413684:0.864456:0.020023
8:@0.438832:0.881580:0.448843:0.881580:0.448843:0.862860:0.438832:0.862860:0.010011
月），据专家预测，未来:@0.453969:0.880540:0.677819:0.880540:0.677819:0.864456:0.453969:0.864456:0.020261:0.020023:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020023:0.020503:0.020503:0.020023
100:@0.682907:0.881580:0.712941:0.881580:0.712941:0.862860:0.682907:0.862860:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年，全球人口将增:@0.718066:0.880540:0.881130:0.880540:0.881130:0.864456:0.718066:0.864456:0.020023:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020503:0.020023
至:@0.135135:0.905095:0.155158:0.905095:0.155158:0.889010:0.135135:0.889010:0.020023
150:@0.160203:0.906135:0.190237:0.906135:0.190237:0.887415:0.160203:0.887415:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
亿，而地球最多负载也就是:@0.195283:0.905095:0.437355:0.905095:0.437355:0.889010:0.195283:0.889010:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
150:@0.442421:0.906135:0.472455:0.906135:0.472455:0.887415:0.442421:0.887415:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
亿。并且增长的人口结构也不尽合理，东亚儒:@0.477501:0.905095:0.881015:0.905095:0.881015:0.889010:0.477501:0.889010:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023