• 37 •:@0.847517:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.847517:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.573413:0.071740:0.586284:0.071740:0.586284:0.055694:0.573413:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第二章 为什么中国只能实行集中民主:@0.586284:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.586284:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.637771:0.073066:0.646352:0.073066:0.646352:0.057020:0.637771:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
 :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.004291
“民主集中制”最初的中文翻译为“民主主义的集中权”“民主主义的中央集权”“德:@0.175676:0.119342:0.881082:0.119342:0.881082:0.103257:0.175676:0.103257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.010780:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.010782:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.001538:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.001540:0.020023:0.020023
莫克乃西的中央集权”等。“中央集权制”的出现早于“民主主义的中央集权”。建:@0.135135:0.143897:0.880867:0.143897:0.880867:0.127812:0.135135:0.127812:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020107:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020107:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020107:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
党初期，为形成一个强大的无产阶级政党，不少共产党人认为中共应该采用“中央集:@0.135135:0.168451:0.881255:0.168451:0.881255:0.152367:0.135135:0.152367:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
权制”而非“民主主义的中央集权”作为组织原则。一大前后，党内为此发生了争论，:@0.135135:0.193006:0.891092:0.193006:0.891092:0.176922:0.135135:0.176922:0.020023:0.020023:0.019043:0.020023:0.019041:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019043:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019044:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019041:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
“中央集权制”的主张没有成为全党的共识。二大以后，中共党内开始有人明确认同“民:@0.125124:0.217561:0.881081:0.217561:0.881081:0.201477:0.125124:0.201477:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013794:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023
主主义的中央集权”，并简称为“民主的集中制”。:@0.135135:0.242116:0.595654:0.242116:0.595654:0.226031:0.135135:0.226031:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
1924:@0.595654:0.243156:0.635699:0.243156:0.635699:0.224436:0.595654:0.224436:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年:@0.640784:0.242116:0.660807:0.242116:0.660807:0.226031:0.640784:0.226031:0.020023
1:@0.665813:0.243156:0.675824:0.243156:0.675824:0.224436:0.665813:0.224436:0.010011
月，“民主集中制”在:@0.680829:0.242116:0.881055:0.242116:0.881055:0.226031:0.680829:0.226031:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
中文文献中首次出现。:@0.135135:0.266671:0.335361:0.266671:0.335361:0.250586:0.135135:0.250586:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
1927:@0.335361:0.267711:0.375406:0.267711:0.375406:0.248990:0.335361:0.248990:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年:@0.380411:0.266671:0.400434:0.266671:0.400434:0.250586:0.380411:0.250586:0.020023
4:@0.405439:0.267711:0.415451:0.267711:0.415451:0.248990:0.405439:0.248990:0.010011
月举行的中共五大明确党内实行民主集中制。:@0.420456:0.266671:0.820907:0.266671:0.820907:0.250586:0.420456:0.250586:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
集中民主起源于中国共产党的战时组织原则和形式。我们知道，战争比和平发达:@0.175676:0.291225:0.880950:0.291225:0.880950:0.275141:0.175676:0.275141:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
得早；某些政治关系比如下级服从上级，以及某些经济关系比如雇佣劳动等，在战争:@0.135135:0.315780:0.881255:0.315780:0.881255:0.299696:0.135135:0.299696:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
和军队中比在社会内部发展得早。集中和民主的关系在军队中特别显著。中国的集中:@0.135135:0.340335:0.881125:0.340335:0.881125:0.324250:0.135135:0.324250:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
民主起源于中国共产党的战时组织原则和形式，这就是“党指挥枪”“支部建在连上”:@0.135135:0.364890:0.891092:0.364890:0.891092:0.348805:0.135135:0.348805:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.018799:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017572:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
等，后来在马列主义军事思想、建党思想的指导下，才逐步发展为完整的、系统的民:@0.135135:0.389444:0.881095:0.389444:0.881095:0.373360:0.135135:0.373360:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
主集中制。党创立武装之后，强调党指挥枪，而决不允许枪指挥党，强调党对军队的:@0.135135:0.413999:0.881095:0.413999:0.881095:0.397915:0.135135:0.397915:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
绝对领导。因此，集中民主（民主集中制）在军队内的设立是自然而然的。军队的军:@0.135135:0.438554:0.881015:0.438554:0.881015:0.422469:0.135135:0.422469:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020103:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
事民主讲的是官兵一致，关爱士兵，民主生活会，但决不允许任何动摇军心的言论与:@0.135135:0.463109:0.881255:0.463109:0.881255:0.447024:0.135135:0.447024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
行为，强调的是军人的天职是服从命令。“在军队的内部，必须建立正确的官兵关系，:@0.135135:0.487664:0.891092:0.487664:0.891092:0.471579:0.135135:0.471579:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017574:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
必须有一定的民主生活和有威权的以自觉为基础的军事纪律。”（中国共产党中央委:@0.135135:0.512218:0.881257:0.512218:0.881257:0.496134:0.135135:0.496134:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020024:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
员会《关于若干历史问题的决议》）。正是有了这样的集中民主，中国人民解放军依:@0.135135:0.536773:0.881017:0.536773:0.881017:0.520689:0.135135:0.520689:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020105:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
靠着小米加步枪，才能打败武装到牙齿的国民党八百万军队，才能打败:@0.135135:0.561328:0.743907:0.561328:0.743907:0.545243:0.135135:0.545243:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.014058:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.014060:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
16:@0.747424:0.562368:0.767447:0.562368:0.767447:0.543648:0.747424:0.543648:0.010011:0.010011
国联合国军。:@0.770971:0.561328:0.891106:0.561328:0.891106:0.545243:0.770971:0.545243:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
同样是一切行动听指挥，但其他国家的军队对中国人民解放军的服从命令听指挥还有:@0.135135:0.585883:0.880875:0.585883:0.880875:0.569798:0.135135:0.569798:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
不同。这种不同，是一种氛围，一种习惯，一种信仰，一种文化培育起来的。国民党:@0.135135:0.610438:0.881095:0.610438:0.881095:0.594353:0.135135:0.594353:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023
为什么会失败？其实，最本质的原因是他们内部的争权夺利，分崩离析，各立山头，:@0.135135:0.634992:0.880935:0.634992:0.880935:0.618908:0.135135:0.618908:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
是谁都想称王，谁都想保存实力，这就是他们的民主。这与中共的既有集中又有民主:@0.135135:0.659547:0.881255:0.659547:0.881255:0.643462:0.135135:0.643462:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
形成鲜明对比。:@0.135135:0.684102:0.275293:0.684102:0.275293:0.668017:0.135135:0.668017:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
中国人民解放军是中国特色社会主义的坚强柱石，党对人民军队的绝对领导是中:@0.175676:0.708657:0.881090:0.708657:0.881090:0.692572:0.175676:0.692572:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
国特色社会主义的重要制度安排。这一重要制度安排，发端于南昌起义，奠基于三湾:@0.135135:0.733211:0.881255:0.733211:0.881255:0.717127:0.135135:0.717127:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
改编，定型于古田会议，是人民军队完全区别于一切旧军队的政治特质，是人民军队:@0.135135:0.757766:0.881255:0.757766:0.881255:0.741682:0.135135:0.741682:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
的建军之本、建国之魂。新中国成立后，人民军队坚决听党指挥，追歼残敌、进军边疆、:@0.135135:0.782321:0.891092:0.782321:0.891092:0.766236:0.135135:0.766236:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
剿灭匪特，胜利进行抗美援朝战争和多次边境自卫作战，打出了国威军威，捍卫了祖:@0.135135:0.806876:0.881255:0.806876:0.881255:0.790791:0.135135:0.790791:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
国万里边疆和辽阔海空。改革开放新时期，人民军队在党的坚强领导下，坚持常备不懈，:@0.135135:0.831431:0.891092:0.831431:0.891092:0.815346:0.135135:0.815346:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
有力应对和坚决打击了一切危害国家主权、安全、发展利益的挑衅行为，同时积极完:@0.135135:0.855985:0.881255:0.855985:0.881255:0.839901:0.135135:0.839901:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
成了一系列重大工程建设、抢险救灾等急难险重任务。党的十八大后，人民军队以党:@0.135135:0.880540:0.881255:0.880540:0.881255:0.864456:0.135135:0.864456:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
在新时代的强军目标为指引，坚决贯彻军委主席负责制，重整行装再出发，实现了政:@0.135135:0.905095:0.881255:0.905095:0.881255:0.889010:0.135135:0.889010:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023