• 56 •:@0.118919:0.946969:0.152481:0.946969:0.152481:0.932706:0.118919:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
On Centralized Democracy —Taking China as an Example:@0.179757:0.081230:0.450417:0.081230:0.450417:0.070402:0.179757:0.070402:0.008261:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005080:0.005721:0.003181:0.004451:0.005721:0.003181:0.003181:0.004451:0.005080:0.005721:0.002860:0.008261:0.005080:0.008261:0.005721:0.005080:0.004451:0.005721:0.005080:0.005080:0.002860:0.010171:0.005310:0.005721:0.005080:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.007631:0.005721:0.003181:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.005721:0.004451:0.002860:0.005721:0.005721:0.002860:0.006991:0.005080:0.005721:0.008261:0.005721:0.003181:0.005080
论集中民主——以中国为例:@0.118811:0.070987:0.324757:0.070987:0.324757:0.057677:0.118811:0.057677:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
而尽可能取消或削弱地方权利，这不仅是因为身边的当官者大多没有给他们留下好印:@0.118919:0.119342:0.864659:0.119342:0.864659:0.103257:0.118919:0.103257:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
象，还因为这至少可以减少腐败和吃皇粮的人。而且实践也证明，上面的好经往往都:@0.118919:0.143897:0.865039:0.143897:0.865039:0.127812:0.118919:0.127812:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
是被下面的歪嘴和尚念坏了的。:@0.118919:0.168451:0.399235:0.168451:0.399235:0.152367:0.118919:0.152367:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
不可否认，中央集权的力量在一定时期和特定事件和特定场合容易迅速实现巨大:@0.159460:0.193006:0.864872:0.193006:0.864872:0.176922:0.159460:0.176922:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020021:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
的事业，比如苏联的前期辉煌、新中国成立初期的计划经济，没有中央集权和计划是:@0.118919:0.217561:0.865039:0.217561:0.865039:0.201477:0.118919:0.201477:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
很难想象的，而这一点，对于战争来说尤其是真理。也正是由于中国人民在中国共产:@0.118919:0.242116:0.865039:0.242116:0.865039:0.226031:0.118919:0.226031:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
党的领导下，进行的艰苦卓绝的抗日战争、解放战争、抗美援朝等，使中国人民深切:@0.118919:0.266671:0.864879:0.266671:0.864879:0.250586:0.118919:0.250586:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
体会到中央集权的必要性、优越性，并把这种观念带到建设事业中来。:@0.118919:0.291225:0.739618:0.291225:0.739618:0.275141:0.118919:0.275141:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
中国与美国有不同的政治文化，中国的政治文化讲究尊严，美国人讲究平等。在:@0.159460:0.315780:0.864593:0.315780:0.864593:0.299696:0.159460:0.299696:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020023
美国，市民社会里的等级差异的概念很少，而政界则根本没有等级差异。比如，中国:@0.118919:0.340335:0.864879:0.340335:0.864879:0.324250:0.118919:0.324250:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
的政治文化，最高领导人的讲话、行为举止必须维护其应有的尊严，人民必须维护其:@0.118919:0.364890:0.865039:0.364890:0.865039:0.348805:0.118919:0.348805:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
尊严，而美国人可以任意诋毁和嘲笑他们选出的任何领导人。美国总统可以在联大讲:@0.118919:0.389444:0.864909:0.389444:0.864909:0.373360:0.118919:0.373360:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
台上遭大家嘲笑而不以为然，而在中国却会被认为是国耻。在中国人看来，特朗普的:@0.118919:0.413999:0.865039:0.413999:0.865039:0.397915:0.118919:0.397915:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
讲话方式往往与他们所期望的最高领导人应具备的尊严不相符。公正地讲，特朗普的:@0.118919:0.438554:0.864909:0.438554:0.864909:0.422469:0.118919:0.422469:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
很多敌人对其进行猛烈的言语攻击也破坏了总统应有的尊严。这在中国是不允许发生:@0.118919:0.463109:0.864659:0.463109:0.864659:0.447024:0.118919:0.447024:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
的，虽然没有法律规定，但其文化就是如此。政治需要尊严，有尊严的政治需要有尊:@0.118919:0.487664:0.864879:0.487664:0.864879:0.471579:0.118919:0.471579:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
严的最高领导人。美国政治正在失去尊严。:@0.118919:0.512218:0.499347:0.512218:0.499347:0.496134:0.118919:0.496134:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
乔治·华盛顿即认为建立和维护对政府的尊重是一个国家所必需的，而且他也曾:@0.159460:0.536773:0.864733:0.536773:0.864733:0.520689:0.159460:0.520689:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
试着这样做。但是除非对文化进行改革，否则这样的政治文化不可能发生。中国人是:@0.118919:0.561328:0.865039:0.561328:0.865039:0.545243:0.118919:0.545243:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
讲究面子的，面子就是尊严。国王的面子就是国家的尊严。这是政治需要。我们需要:@0.118919:0.585883:0.864879:0.585883:0.864879:0.569798:0.118919:0.569798:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
一位有尊严的最高领导人，这也是礼仪和礼貌。我们可以合理地料想一下，与一个高:@0.118919:0.610438:0.865039:0.610438:0.865039:0.594353:0.118919:0.594353:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
素质人口国家的国王相比，人口低素质国家的国王会更没面子。而在美国，尊严已被:@0.118919:0.634992:0.865041:0.634992:0.865041:0.618908:0.118919:0.618908:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020025:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
淡化为不必要的东西，甚至被嘲笑为一种压迫。:@0.118919:0.659547:0.545519:0.659547:0.545519:0.643462:0.118919:0.643462:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020023:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020023:0.020023
20:@0.545519:0.660587:0.565542:0.660587:0.565542:0.641867:0.545519:0.641867:0.010011:0.010011
世纪:@0.570628:0.659547:0.611013:0.659547:0.611013:0.643462:0.570628:0.643462:0.020363:0.020023
60:@0.616099:0.660587:0.636121:0.660587:0.636121:0.641867:0.616099:0.641867:0.010011:0.010011
年代美国反文化运动支持:@0.641207:0.659547:0.864859:0.659547:0.864859:0.643462:0.641207:0.643462:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020363:0.020023
者称礼貌是虚伪的行为，并将对公众行为的规范约束视为对灵魂的暴政。国家要有尊:@0.118919:0.684102:0.864909:0.684102:0.864909:0.668017:0.118919:0.668017:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
严，人类需要有尊严的文明，有尊严的文明不是压迫灵魂而是升华灵魂。:@0.118919:0.708657:0.759640:0.708657:0.759640:0.692572:0.118919:0.692572:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
当年，托克维尔在细致考察和分析美国的民主后说：“美国人所占的最大便宜，:@0.159460:0.733211:0.865054:0.733211:0.865054:0.717127:0.159460:0.717127:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
在于他们是没有经历民主革命而建立民主制度的，以及他们是生下来就平等而不是后:@0.118919:0.757766:0.864659:0.757766:0.864659:0.741682:0.118919:0.741682:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
来才变成平等的。”（《论美国的民主》）他认为，美国人的幸运在于他们的历史是“一:@0.118919:0.782321:0.864865:0.782321:0.864865:0.766236:0.118919:0.766236:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015656:0.011291:0.015656:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015656:0.015656:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015656:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015656:0.020023:0.020023
张白纸”，而不在于他们独具世界上最先进的实际政治修养。他认为美国人之能够享:@0.118919:0.806876:0.865117:0.806876:0.865117:0.790791:0.118919:0.790791:0.020183:0.020183:0.020101:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
有自由，不仅仅是因为彻底的分权使地方政府可以有余地去影响全国政治，而且也是:@0.118919:0.831431:0.864909:0.831431:0.864909:0.815346:0.118919:0.815346:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
因为人们在继承“陪审制度”的长期历史传统当中养成了“最直接地行使人民主权”:@0.118919:0.855985:0.865035:0.855985:0.865035:0.839901:0.118919:0.839901:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020101:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020101:0.020023
的习惯（拉斯基为《托克维尔全集》中之《论美国的民主》所作的导言）。:@0.118919:0.880540:0.779663:0.880540:0.779663:0.864456:0.118919:0.864456:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
我们必须把民主的普遍原理和实现民主的具体方式区分开来，人民当家作主，参:@0.159460:0.905095:0.864733:0.905095:0.864733:0.889010:0.159460:0.889010:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020023