• 73 •:@0.847517:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.847517:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.659223:0.071740:0.672095:0.071740:0.672095:0.055694:0.659223:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第四章 自由民主理性批判:@0.672095:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.672095:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.723582:0.073066:0.732163:0.073066:0.732163:0.057020:0.723582:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
 :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.004291
关于人民这个话题，我在后面论民主的阶级性时还要讲。为了避免有人误解或区:@0.175676:0.119342:0.880950:0.119342:0.880950:0.103257:0.175676:0.103257:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
解我的“人民”观，我在这里要特别声明一下：我的完整的“人民”的思想，包括依:@0.135135:0.143897:0.881087:0.143897:0.881087:0.127812:0.135135:0.127812:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020109:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020109:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023
靠人民、团结人民、教育人民、改造人民、管理人民、服务人民，领导人民，造福人民。:@0.135135:0.168451:0.891092:0.168451:0.891092:0.152367:0.135135:0.152367:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.016463:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.016463:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.016463:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.016463:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.016463:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.016463:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.016460:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
这个思想贯穿本书始终。:@0.135135:0.193006:0.355383:0.193006:0.355383:0.176922:0.135135:0.176922:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
（二）当今之世，管理难度普遍加大，自由民主助长了人性之恶:@0.172973:0.219205:0.760301:0.219205:0.760301:0.201429:0.172973:0.201429:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976:0.020976
可以说，当今时代，是历史上最为民主的时代，许多问题的产生不是因为民主不够，:@0.175676:0.242116:0.891093:0.242116:0.891093:0.226031:0.175676:0.226031:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011551:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011549:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011551:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
而是因为民主过多所造成的。:@0.135135:0.266671:0.395428:0.266671:0.395428:0.250586:0.135135:0.250586:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
随着人类的日益平等，社会的阶级界线和等级界线日益模糊，人的自主性越来越:@0.175676:0.291225:0.880950:0.291225:0.880950:0.275141:0.175676:0.275141:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
强，表现越来越突出，因此人的管理也越来越难。:@0.135135:0.315780:0.575631:0.315780:0.575631:0.299696:0.135135:0.299696:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
2013:@0.175676:0.341375:0.215721:0.341375:0.215721:0.322655:0.175676:0.322655:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年，美国《外交政策》前总编摩伊希斯·奈姆出版了一本书，标题为“权力:@0.220707:0.340335:0.881078:0.340335:0.881078:0.324250:0.220707:0.324250:0.020023:0.019960:0.020023:0.019961:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019960:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019991:0.019992:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019961:0.020023:0.020023:0.019960:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
的终结：从密室到战场，从教会到国家，为什么如今掌权这么难？”:@0.135135:0.364890:0.735811:0.364890:0.735811:0.348805:0.135135:0.348805:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
“为什么如今掌权这么难？”其实，不只是战场、教会、国家，就是每一个家庭、:@0.175676:0.389444:0.891093:0.389444:0.891093:0.373360:0.175676:0.373360:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018943:0.020023:0.020023:0.018943:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018945:0.020023:0.020023:0.018943:0.020023:0.020023:0.018943:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
每一个工厂、每一个商店、每一个社群组织，甚至再小的组织单元，都出现了人难管，:@0.135135:0.413999:0.891092:0.413999:0.891092:0.397915:0.135135:0.397915:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018799:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
管人难的问题。我们要问，这究竟是社会进步还是倒退？我不认为这是进步，我认为:@0.135135:0.438554:0.881095:0.438554:0.881095:0.422469:0.135135:0.422469:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
这是倒退！我认为这是人性趋恶的典型表现，是人的自主性恶性发展的必然结果，是:@0.135135:0.463109:0.881255:0.463109:0.881255:0.447024:0.135135:0.447024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
与人类光明相悖的倒退现象！如此下去，也许经济还会繁荣，但人类最终必将自己消:@0.135135:0.487664:0.881255:0.487664:0.881255:0.471579:0.135135:0.471579:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
灭自己！因为人性之恶没有力量阻遏！人性之善没有力量弘扬！人类秩序没有力量维:@0.135135:0.512218:0.881255:0.512218:0.881255:0.496134:0.135135:0.496134:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
护！因为自由民主不由正义力量当家作主！我认为，任何哲学，它的最高任务和最高:@0.135135:0.536773:0.881097:0.536773:0.881097:0.520689:0.135135:0.520689:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
意义，应该是指导理想人生和理想政治，重民生，轻赋税，倡道德，惩罪恶，举孝廉，:@0.135135:0.561328:0.891092:0.561328:0.891092:0.545243:0.135135:0.545243:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019208:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019206:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
行礼仪，保和平，重秩序，顾大局，赴大同，才是人间正道，乾坤正气，永世福音！:@0.135135:0.585883:0.881015:0.585883:0.881015:0.569798:0.135135:0.569798:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020023
而自由民主恰恰与此相悖！:@0.135135:0.610438:0.375406:0.610438:0.375406:0.594353:0.135135:0.594353:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
有人说不要与人性作对，我不否认人性的这种根本作用，但是，我认为社会情况:@0.175676:0.634992:0.880810:0.634992:0.880810:0.618908:0.175676:0.618908:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
和政治制度，经常是能够激发人性之善和抑制人性之恶的。而自由民主恰恰丧失了这:@0.135135:0.659547:0.881125:0.659547:0.881125:0.643462:0.135135:0.643462:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
种激发和抑制作用，而常常是任凭人性之恶自由发展，从而严重阻碍了人性的进步。:@0.135135:0.684102:0.875969:0.684102:0.875969:0.668017:0.135135:0.668017:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
当今社会，人性趋恶，是因为环境和制度的引发、激发、诱发；是因为我们太讲:@0.175676:0.708657:0.881110:0.708657:0.881110:0.692572:0.175676:0.692572:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
民主而迁就了人性之恶。特别表现在自私自利的增长，每个人都是先只顾自己，只希:@0.135135:0.733211:0.881255:0.733211:0.881255:0.717127:0.135135:0.717127:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
望容易得到眼前的享乐，几乎没有人想到子孙后代的事。这种性格进入政治生活，便:@0.135135:0.757766:0.881255:0.757766:0.881255:0.741682:0.135135:0.741682:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
对拖延或阻碍他们实现某些计划的政府或规章制度持有本能的轻视和敌视，一切以自:@0.135135:0.782321:0.880875:0.782321:0.880875:0.766236:0.135135:0.766236:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
我为中心，以眼前个人利益为转移，稍不如意便上街抗议，为一己之私不惜损害大多:@0.135135:0.806876:0.881255:0.806876:0.881255:0.790791:0.135135:0.790791:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
数的整体利益和长远利益。这是一种对人类自身十分有害的倾向，这种倾向在各国都:@0.135135:0.831431:0.881117:0.831431:0.881117:0.815346:0.135135:0.815346:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020025:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
有表现，对付这种倾向必须实行集中民主。否则，人类将自我毁灭。而自由民主正助:@0.135135:0.855985:0.881095:0.855985:0.881095:0.839901:0.135135:0.839901:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
长了这种人的恶性。人类的很多重大的利益，都与这个人性问题密切相关。在我们今:@0.135135:0.880540:0.881255:0.880540:0.881255:0.864456:0.135135:0.864456:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
天这个时代，正是这种自由民主侵害了大多数人的自由与平等，严重败坏了国家的民:@0.135135:0.905095:0.881125:0.905095:0.881125:0.889010:0.135135:0.889010:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023