﻿• 77 •:@0.847517:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.847517:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.659223:0.071740:0.672095:0.071740:0.672095:0.055694:0.659223:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第四章 自由民主理性批判:@0.672095:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.672095:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.723582:0.073066:0.732163:0.073066:0.732163:0.057020:0.723582:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
 :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.004291
是因为生活方式与思维观念已经不一样了。……很不幸，每一个人都根据自己的周详:@0.135135:0.119342:0.881255:0.119342:0.881255:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
盘算、自我人生观和世界观做决定，整个社会却也同时正向危险边缘渐行渐近。……:@0.135135:0.144508:0.881095:0.144508:0.881095:0.128423:0.135135:0.128423:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
这个问题我无从解决，也早也放弃 。”所以，为了人民的整体利益和长远利益，这:@0.135135:0.169674:0.881079:0.169674:0.881079:0.153590:0.135135:0.153590:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020023:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020023:0.016723:0.020023:0.020303:0.020303:0.020023:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020303:0.020023:0.020303:0.020023
a:@0.444195:0.160678:0.455845:0.160678:0.455845:0.152613:0.444195:0.152613:0.011650
种民主不能要！而需要集中民主！:@0.135135:0.194840:0.435473:0.194840:0.435473:0.178756:0.135135:0.178756:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
民主不等于先进，恰如先进不等于强大一样。民主与先进之间没有必然逻辑。这:@0.175676:0.220006:0.880810:0.220006:0.880810:0.203922:0.175676:0.203922:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020023
方面大家看看希腊的历史和现状，看看世界各国的历史和现状就清楚了。:@0.135135:0.245173:0.775856:0.245173:0.775856:0.229088:0.135135:0.229088:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
中国和世界许多国家的领导人和民众都称赞新加坡，称赞它的国家管理和经济成:@0.175676:0.270339:0.881090:0.270339:0.881090:0.254254:0.175676:0.254254:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
功。殊不知它的国父李光耀管理的是一个一言堂的国家，有时他还使用镇压方式管理:@0.135135:0.295505:0.881125:0.295505:0.881125:0.279420:0.135135:0.279420:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
国家。他管理新加坡的方式就像在管理一个纪律严明的私立学校。他不容忍不同意见、:@0.135135:0.320671:0.891092:0.320671:0.891092:0.304586:0.135135:0.304586:0.020023:0.020023:0.017574:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017572:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
坏习惯、腐败、吸毒、散漫、懒惰或不守规矩的青少年。他因为用鞭刑惩罚破坏公物:@0.135135:0.345837:0.880935:0.345837:0.880935:0.329752:0.135135:0.329752:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
的行为和用死刑惩戒贩毒者而闻名。他明白他的国家只有一种国家资源，那就是人民:@0.135135:0.371003:0.881125:0.371003:0.881125:0.354919:0.135135:0.354919:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
的勤奋和纪律。他的管理天赋和经济成功为他赢得了世人的赞许。李光耀做成了美国:@0.135135:0.396169:0.881125:0.396169:0.881125:0.380085:0.135135:0.380085:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
做不到的事情。一位美国作者说：“我们因为过分民主而受困。我们的国会曾陷入长:@0.135135:0.421335:0.881097:0.421335:0.881097:0.405251:0.135135:0.405251:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
期僵局。它面对国内各种极端分子的威胁却毫无办法。我们的基础设施在老化，我们:@0.135135:0.446502:0.881255:0.446502:0.881255:0.430417:0.135135:0.430417:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
却似乎无能为力。”（《华盛顿邮报》:@0.135135:0.471668:0.458247:0.471668:0.458247:0.455583:0.135135:0.455583:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015706:0.011387:0.015704:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
2015:@0.453934:0.472708:0.493979:0.472708:0.493979:0.453987:0.453934:0.453987:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年 月:@0.497904:0.471668:0.555809:0.471668:0.555809:0.455583:0.497904:0.455583:0.020023:0.017860:0.020023
3:@0.521851:0.472708:0.531862:0.472708:0.531862:0.453987:0.521851:0.453987:0.010011
30:@0.559733:0.472708:0.579756:0.472708:0.579756:0.453987:0.559733:0.453987:0.010011:0.010011
日署名文章，作者：理查德·科恩）:@0.583680:0.471668:0.891088:0.471668:0.891088:0.455583:0.583680:0.455583:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015706:0.020023:0.017862:0.017864:0.020023:0.020023:0.017864:0.017864:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
柏克认为，法国大革命追求卢梭式人民主权，试图构建人间天堂，它追求一种纯:@0.175676:0.496834:0.880810:0.496834:0.880810:0.480749:0.175676:0.480749:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
粹的民主制，必然导向“多数人的暴政”，多数会对少数施加最残酷的压迫，这种压:@0.135135:0.522000:0.881015:0.522000:0.881015:0.505915:0.135135:0.505915:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020103:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
迫会扩大到更多人身上，比王权统治残暴得多。:@0.135135:0.547166:0.555609:0.547166:0.555609:0.531081:0.135135:0.531081:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
不可否认，西式民主包含反映历史进步的因素，在人类发展中曾起过积极作用。:@0.175676:0.572332:0.880810:0.572332:0.880810:0.556248:0.175676:0.556248:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020023
但是西式民主有着与生俱来的基因缺陷。英国“脱欧”就反映了“一人一票”的简单:@0.135135:0.597498:0.881097:0.597498:0.881097:0.581414:0.135135:0.581414:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020103:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020105:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
多数票决民主的盲从和非理性；法国“黄马甲”运动，就是放任民粹主义抬头导致政:@0.135135:0.622664:0.881175:0.622664:0.881175:0.606580:0.135135:0.606580:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020103:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
府信任危机；再比如，美国政府停摆，就是民主党和共和党互相拆台、彼此内耗的结:@0.135135:0.647831:0.881095:0.647831:0.881095:0.631746:0.135135:0.631746:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
果。美国的“金钱政治”使政治沦为金钱的附庸、选举成为有钱人的游戏。即使是竞:@0.135135:0.672997:0.881015:0.672997:0.881015:0.656912:0.135135:0.656912:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020103:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
选一个州长，没有巨额钞票来拉选票，也只能望“位”兴叹。凡此种种，严重背离了:@0.135135:0.698163:0.880859:0.698163:0.880859:0.682078:0.135135:0.682078:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020107:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
民主是众人之治的基本原则，是对民主本身的讽刺和践踏。:@0.135135:0.723329:0.655721:0.723329:0.655721:0.707244:0.135135:0.707244:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
20:@0.655721:0.724369:0.675744:0.724369:0.675744:0.705649:0.655721:0.705649:0.010011:0.010011
世纪以来，在西方一波:@0.680829:0.723329:0.881055:0.723329:0.881055:0.707244:0.680829:0.707244:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
又一波民主化的浪潮推动下，有的国家急于融入所谓主流文明，有的被迫接受西方民:@0.135135:0.748495:0.881125:0.748495:0.881125:0.732410:0.135135:0.732410:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
主，无论是主动移植还是被强行改造，这些国家大都跌入“民主陷阱”。有的国家曾:@0.135135:0.773661:0.881015:0.773661:0.881015:0.757576:0.135135:0.757576:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020103:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
经以引进自由民主为自豪，但今天也被贫富分化、效率低下、贪腐横行、宗教纷争和:@0.135135:0.798827:0.881095:0.798827:0.881095:0.782743:0.135135:0.782743:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
政治暴力等社会乱象搞得焦头烂额。更有的被西方强制进行民主输入，结果不仅没有:@0.135135:0.823993:0.881125:0.823993:0.881125:0.807909:0.135135:0.807909:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
得到民主的“福音”，反而使国家陷入动荡、人民流离失所。多少以民主之名而衰败:@0.135135:0.849160:0.881015:0.849160:0.881015:0.833075:0.135135:0.833075:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020103:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
战乱的国家，是血泪之镜。昔日，墨西哥照搬美国的宪法，并未使墨西哥富强。今天，:@0.135135:0.874326:0.891092:0.874326:0.891092:0.858241:0.135135:0.858241:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019044:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019041:0.020023:0.020023:0.019043:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019044:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019041:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
a :@0.135135:0.903806:0.163710:0.903806:0.163710:0.893925:0.135135:0.893925:0.014273:0.014302
《李光耀观天下》，:@0.162162:0.904738:0.290879:0.904738:0.290879:0.893575:0.162162:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302
186-190:@0.290879:0.905481:0.338547:0.905481:0.338547:0.892109:0.290879:0.892109:0.007151:0.007151:0.007151:0.004763:0.007151:0.007151:0.007151
页。:@0.342122:0.904738:0.370726:0.904738:0.370726:0.893575:0.342122:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302