• 79 •:@0.847517:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.847517:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.659223:0.071740:0.672095:0.071740:0.672095:0.055694:0.659223:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第四章 自由民主理性批判:@0.672095:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.672095:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.723582:0.073066:0.732163:0.073066:0.732163:0.057020:0.723582:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
 :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.004291
分裂），广东人会跟广西人天天内战，湖南人会跟湖北人日日血斗。:@0.135135:0.119342:0.735811:0.119342:0.735811:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
美西方不厌其烦兜售他们的民主，我就纳闷：难道除了民主，世人就没有再高的:@0.175676:0.143913:0.880810:0.143913:0.880810:0.127829:0.175676:0.127829:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
精神追求？:@0.135135:0.168485:0.235248:0.168485:0.235248:0.152400:0.135135:0.152400:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
民主是社会进步的标志之一，但不是唯一，民主是进步的手段，但不是进步的目的，:@0.175676:0.193056:0.891093:0.193056:0.891093:0.176972:0.175676:0.176972:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011551:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011549:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011551:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
人类进步的目的是改善民生。任何治理方式的唯一标准是民生的改善，是社会的进步:@0.135135:0.217628:0.881125:0.217628:0.881125:0.201543:0.135135:0.201543:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
和人类整体的进步。为此，什么民主方式和手段都可以。自由民主可以，集中民主也:@0.135135:0.242199:0.881095:0.242199:0.881095:0.226115:0.135135:0.226115:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
可以。集中是有弊的，但集中换来了民众福利；独裁是不对的，可独裁有时却是进步:@0.135135:0.266771:0.881097:0.266771:0.881097:0.250686:0.135135:0.250686:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
所必须的。在人类进步事业面前，道德性是次要的。换句话说，这是最大的道德。:@0.135135:0.291342:0.855947:0.291342:0.855947:0.275257:0.135135:0.275257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
民主之所以被追求，不正是因为它具有着使人们、使生活变得更加美好的强大力:@0.175676:0.315913:0.880950:0.315913:0.880950:0.299829:0.175676:0.299829:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
量吗？从这个终极目的出发，我以为，对美好生活的向往，才是社会进步的原动力，:@0.135135:0.340485:0.880935:0.340485:0.880935:0.324400:0.135135:0.324400:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
而不是空洞抽象的民主。肚子饿着，身子光着，光有民主，都由你做主，又能怎样？:@0.135135:0.365056:0.875969:0.365056:0.875969:0.348972:0.135135:0.348972:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
二、自由与平等绝不是压倒一切的价值，更不是绝对真理:@0.172973:0.404321:0.745046:0.404321:0.745046:0.386003:0.172973:0.386003:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883:0.022883
自由是有前提的，平等是相对的，从来没有完全的自由与绝对的平等，所以说自:@0.175676:0.438238:0.880810:0.438238:0.880810:0.422153:0.175676:0.422153:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
由民主的这两个理论基础是不完全的:@0.135135:0.462809:0.457598:0.462809:0.457598:0.446724:0.135135:0.446724:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
—:@0.457910:0.462809:0.497955:0.462809:0.497955:0.446724:0.457910:0.446724:0.040045
为人处事有时约束比自由更重要更有益:@0.498097:0.462809:0.840723:0.462809:0.840723:0.446724:0.498097:0.446724:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
—:@0.841037:0.462809:0.881082:0.462809:0.881082:0.446724:0.841037:0.446724:0.040045
不平等和不满是个人与社会向上的齿轮:@0.135135:0.487380:0.475518:0.487380:0.475518:0.471296:0.135135:0.471296:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
—:@0.475518:0.487380:0.515563:0.487380:0.515563:0.471296:0.475518:0.471296:0.040045
民主社会当有正确的自由观和平等观。:@0.515563:0.487380:0.855947:0.487380:0.855947:0.471296:0.515563:0.471296:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
自由、平等是自由民主的两大理论基础，我们先来看看自由。:@0.175676:0.511952:0.716284:0.511952:0.716284:0.495867:0.175676:0.495867:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
自由，作为政治范畴，在不同的历史阶段具有不同的内容，没有任人自由解释的:@0.175676:0.536523:0.880810:0.536523:0.880810:0.520439:0.175676:0.520439:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
自由。在古罗马，自由指从被束缚、被虐待中解脱出来。欧洲资产阶级革命时提出的:@0.135135:0.561095:0.881095:0.561095:0.881095:0.545010:0.135135:0.545010:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
自由，指“个性解放”“政治自由”“贸易自由”等，目的是反对封建专制制度，从:@0.135135:0.585666:0.881105:0.585666:0.881105:0.569582:0.135135:0.569582:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020113:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020113:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020113:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020023
封建主手里夺取政权，建立自由竞争的资本王国。在阶级社会里，自由是同生产资料:@0.135135:0.610238:0.881255:0.610238:0.881255:0.594153:0.135135:0.594153:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
的占有联系在一起的，自由只能为一部分人所有，有剥削阶级的自由，而没有劳动人:@0.135135:0.634809:0.881255:0.634809:0.881255:0.618724:0.135135:0.618724:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
民的自由。:@0.135135:0.659381:0.235248:0.659381:0.235248:0.643296:0.135135:0.643296:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
自由又是相对的，不是绝对的，它和纪律是一个统一体的两个矛盾着的侧面。英:@0.175676:0.683952:0.880810:0.683952:0.880810:0.667867:0.175676:0.667867:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020023
国的资产阶级学者穆勒在《论自由》一书中肯定个人自由是自由社会的基础，是社会:@0.135135:0.708523:0.881331:0.708523:0.881331:0.692439:0.135135:0.692439:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020099:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
发展的首要因素，但他强调指出，人是生活在社会中的，需要服从某种权力来求得社:@0.135135:0.733095:0.881255:0.733095:0.881255:0.717010:0.135135:0.717010:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
会的保护，因此个人自由总要受到限制，任何个人行为只要仅与本人有关而不涉及他:@0.135135:0.757666:0.881125:0.757666:0.881125:0.741582:0.135135:0.741582:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
人的利害，个人就有完全的自由；而当个人行为危害了他人利益之时，个人要对其行:@0.135135:0.782238:0.881255:0.782238:0.881255:0.766153:0.135135:0.766153:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
为负责，个人的自由就要受到约束。西方现代资产阶级“新自由主义”的政治思想家:@0.135135:0.806809:0.881173:0.806809:0.881173:0.790725:0.135135:0.790725:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020101:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
们也认为，为了在新的历史时期维护个人自由，调解社会矛盾，必须在传统自由主义:@0.135135:0.831381:0.881255:0.831381:0.881255:0.815296:0.135135:0.815296:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
的基础上积极发挥国家作用，扩大国家干预，为个人的成长与完善创造更多的有利条:@0.135135:0.855952:0.881125:0.855952:0.881125:0.839868:0.135135:0.839868:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
件，主张个人在维护自身利益时，也应促进社会和谐，反对帝国主义，认为它扼杀自:@0.135135:0.880524:0.881095:0.880524:0.881095:0.864439:0.135135:0.864439:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
由，破坏民主。在人类社会中，自由从来都是相对的，在社会主义社会，人们享有人身、:@0.135135:0.905095:0.891092:0.905095:0.891092:0.889010:0.135135:0.889010:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023