• 81 •:@0.847517:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.847517:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.659223:0.071740:0.672095:0.071740:0.672095:0.055694:0.659223:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第四章 自由民主理性批判:@0.672095:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.672095:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.723582:0.073066:0.732163:0.073066:0.732163:0.057020:0.723582:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
 :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.004291
家的长期灾难，它的坏处已经大大损害了它的好处。有的人逢官必反，不管什么都是:@0.135135:0.119342:0.881255:0.119342:0.881255:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
政府的错，有的人仅仅是为反对而反对，不论是非曲直，更有一些心怀叵测的个人野:@0.135135:0.143995:0.881255:0.143995:0.881255:0.127911:0.135135:0.127911:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
心家，唯恐天下不乱，为了达到个人的政治目的，煽风点火，以要自由要民主为号召，:@0.135135:0.168649:0.891092:0.168649:0.891092:0.152564:0.135135:0.152564:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018799:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
以推翻现政权为目的，每每闹事都伴随着无政府状态和胡作非为，他们以为这样胡闹:@0.135135:0.193302:0.881125:0.193302:0.881125:0.177217:0.135135:0.177217:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
就能获得自由，而实际上政府在这种民主的帮助下日益削弱，终至社会动荡不安，社:@0.135135:0.217955:0.881255:0.217955:0.881255:0.201871:0.135135:0.201871:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
会处于无政府状态，而最终个人其实更难得到自由。我们应该知道，任何不稳定受害:@0.135135:0.242608:0.881255:0.242608:0.881255:0.226524:0.135135:0.226524:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
的首先是人民大众，我们也必须清楚，任何一个政党和政府都不可能任自由无度，否:@0.135135:0.267262:0.881255:0.267262:0.881255:0.251177:0.135135:0.251177:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
则就是自掘坟墓。人性有善也有恶，你喜欢人自由为恶？民主有正面作用，也有负面:@0.135135:0.291915:0.881095:0.291915:0.881095:0.275830:0.135135:0.275830:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
作用，你喜欢负面作用？:@0.135135:0.316568:0.355383:0.316568:0.355383:0.300484:0.135135:0.300484:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
 :@0.355383:0.317608:0.360389:0.317608:0.360389:0.298888:0.355383:0.298888:0.005006
任何自由都有前提与条件。作为联合国《人权宣言》的核心人权的四大自由：言:@0.175676:0.341222:0.881228:0.341222:0.881228:0.325137:0.175676:0.325137:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020024:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020099:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020183:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020023
论和表达的自由，信仰的自由，免于匮乏的自由，免于恐惧的自由。其中，前两项自:@0.135135:0.365875:0.880933:0.365875:0.880933:0.349790:0.135135:0.349790:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020021:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
由都需要国家权力提供保障，第三项自由要求国家间订立经济协定，使各国居民获得:@0.135135:0.390528:0.881125:0.390528:0.881125:0.374444:0.135135:0.374444:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
充分健康、和平的生活环境；而第四项自由更要求在世界范围内裁减军备，使没有一:@0.135135:0.415182:0.881255:0.415182:0.881255:0.399097:0.135135:0.399097:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
个国家能够侵略别国。这就是自由的前提和条件。自由从来都不是绝对的，完全自由:@0.135135:0.439835:0.881255:0.439835:0.881255:0.423750:0.135135:0.423750:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
从来没有。就是在高张自由的所谓民运组织内，也不允许影响其组织规则与纪律的自:@0.135135:0.464488:0.881125:0.464488:0.881125:0.448403:0.135135:0.448403:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
由存在。这也是人性。《乌合之众》中关于个体和群体的解析告诉我们，其实在很多:@0.135135:0.489141:0.881017:0.489141:0.881017:0.473057:0.135135:0.473057:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020105:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
情况下，群体是不允许个体有其独立性的，一旦个体展现出自己的与众不同，必将被:@0.135135:0.513795:0.881255:0.513795:0.881255:0.497710:0.135135:0.497710:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
群体所排斥，甚至毁灭。自由与责任、与约束又都是相辅相成的，要一份自由就要有:@0.135135:0.538448:0.881095:0.538448:0.881095:0.522363:0.135135:0.522363:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
一份责任，弗罗伊德则揭示说“多数人并不真的想要自由，因为自由包含责任，而大:@0.135135:0.563101:0.881095:0.563101:0.881095:0.547017:0.135135:0.547017:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
多数人害怕责任。”人生其实有时容忍比自由更重要，约束比自由更重要，更有益。:@0.135135:0.587755:0.880937:0.587755:0.880937:0.571670:0.135135:0.571670:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
《大数据时代》的作者维克托·迈尔·舍恩伯格、肯尼思·库克耶说：“现代社会是:@0.135135:0.612408:0.881281:0.612408:0.881281:0.596323:0.135135:0.596323:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020109:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
建立在预防不健康、危险和非法行为基础上的。我们为了预防肺癌而减少吸烟率、为:@0.135135:0.637061:0.881255:0.637061:0.881255:0.620977:0.135135:0.620977:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
了避免在车祸中丧生而系安全带、为了避免被劫机而不允许携带枪支登机，所有这:@0.135135:0.661714:0.881055:0.661714:0.881055:0.645630:0.135135:0.645630:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020023:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020023:0.020783:0.020783:0.020783:0.020023
些预防措施都限制了我们的自由，但是我们愿意为了防止更大的灾难而做出适当的牺:@0.135135:0.686368:0.880875:0.686368:0.880875:0.670283:0.135135:0.670283:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
牲 。”封城限制了大家的出行自由，却有效地阻止了疫情传播，保证了千千万万人:@0.135135:0.711021:0.881205:0.711021:0.881205:0.694936:0.135135:0.694936:0.020023:0.016718:0.020023:0.020293:0.020303:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020023:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020023:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020303:0.020293:0.020303:0.020293:0.020023
a:@0.160231:0.702025:0.171881:0.702025:0.171881:0.693960:0.160231:0.693960:0.011650
的生命安全！哪个更重要，更有益？:@0.135135:0.735674:0.455496:0.735674:0.455496:0.719590:0.135135:0.719590:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
英国伟大的历史学家阿克顿在与友人的一封信里谈到：“……自由不是政府的出:@0.175676:0.760328:0.880810:0.760328:0.880810:0.744243:0.175676:0.744243:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020023:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
发点，不是一个给定的要素，而是像使各星球谐调的有规律的天体运动的目的。自由:@0.135135:0.784981:0.881255:0.784981:0.881255:0.768896:0.135135:0.768896:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
是制约行动的原则的结果 。”西方大哲黑格尔说：“纪律是自由的第一条件。”我认为，:@0.135135:0.809634:0.891093:0.809634:0.891093:0.793550:0.135135:0.793550:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.014988:0.013371:0.013371:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.016697:0.010045:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013371:0.013371:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
b:@0.358726:0.800639:0.370376:0.800639:0.370376:0.792573:0.358726:0.792573:0.011650
安全、秩序、生活比人权、平等、自由更重要，是人生的最重要的需求，也是政府的:@0.135135:0.834288:0.881095:0.834288:0.881095:0.818203:0.135135:0.818203:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023
首要职能。我同时认为个人自由只有托付给国家才有充分的保障，国家越强大，个人:@0.135135:0.858941:0.881255:0.858941:0.881255:0.842856:0.135135:0.842856:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
a :@0.135135:0.888422:0.163710:0.888422:0.163710:0.878540:0.135135:0.878540:0.014273:0.014302
转自《论美国的民主》，第:@0.162162:0.889353:0.333784:0.889353:0.333784:0.878190:0.162162:0.878190:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302
1059:@0.337360:0.890096:0.365963:0.890096:0.365963:0.876725:0.337360:0.876725:0.007151:0.007151:0.007151:0.007151
页。:@0.369539:0.889353:0.398142:0.889353:0.398142:0.878190:0.369539:0.878190:0.014302:0.014302
b :@0.135135:0.903806:0.163710:0.903806:0.163710:0.893925:0.135135:0.893925:0.014273:0.014302
转自《论美国的民主》，第:@0.162162:0.904738:0.333784:0.904738:0.333784:0.893575:0.162162:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302
1059:@0.337360:0.905481:0.365963:0.905481:0.365963:0.892109:0.337360:0.892109:0.007151:0.007151:0.007151:0.007151
页。:@0.369539:0.904738:0.398142:0.904738:0.398142:0.893575:0.369539:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302