• 83 •:@0.847517:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.847517:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.659223:0.071740:0.672095:0.071740:0.672095:0.055694:0.659223:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第四章 自由民主理性批判:@0.672095:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.672095:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.723582:0.073066:0.732163:0.073066:0.732163:0.057020:0.723582:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
 :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.004291
由”则是绝对的！因为压制人性的“恶”，就必须依靠政治和法律权威，这是常识。:@0.135135:0.119342:0.875969:0.119342:0.875969:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
说过自由之后，我们再来说说平等。:@0.175676:0.144508:0.496036:0.144508:0.496036:0.128423:0.175676:0.128423:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
西方民主宣扬人生而平等，这很能激励人，但不真实，不是事实。所谓人生而平:@0.175676:0.169674:0.881272:0.169674:0.881272:0.153590:0.175676:0.153590:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
等是西方人想象出来的，只是为自己争取平等而喊出的一个口号，作为平等的理论依:@0.135135:0.194840:0.881125:0.194840:0.881125:0.178756:0.135135:0.178756:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
据，甚或是为自己摄取不当利益而寻找的借口，绝不是自然、必然或天然的。作为政:@0.135135:0.220006:0.881095:0.220006:0.881095:0.203922:0.135135:0.203922:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
治口号可以，作为治国理政的理论基础绝对是错误的，作为励志的格言也可以，但要:@0.135135:0.245173:0.881255:0.245173:0.881255:0.229088:0.135135:0.229088:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
作为真理去追求则注定是瞎费力气，是跟自己过不去，再教别人，那就是误人子弟！:@0.135135:0.270339:0.881095:0.270339:0.881095:0.254254:0.135135:0.254254:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
白人的孩子和黑人的孩子生而平等吗？富人的孩子和穷人的孩子生而平等吗？特朗普:@0.135135:0.295505:0.881117:0.295505:0.881117:0.279420:0.135135:0.279420:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020025:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
的孩子和一个美国蓝领的孩子生而平等吗？纽约出生的孩子和西海岸出生的孩子生而:@0.135135:0.320671:0.880875:0.320671:0.880875:0.304586:0.135135:0.304586:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
平等吗？平等是有前提条件的，是具体的，不是抽象的，是实际的，不是理论的，是:@0.135135:0.345837:0.881095:0.345837:0.881095:0.329752:0.135135:0.329752:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020023
相对的，不是绝对的，要看在什么问题上。人们对自由、平等的追求是美好的，正当的，:@0.135135:0.371003:0.891092:0.371003:0.891092:0.354919:0.135135:0.354919:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
天然的，但是，一如对于民主的理解，我们很多人对于自由与平等的认识和理解往往:@0.135135:0.396169:0.881255:0.396169:0.881255:0.380085:0.135135:0.380085:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
是粗浅的、不完整的，甚至是片面的和错误的。《共同宣言》说人是被造出来平等的，:@0.135135:0.421335:0.891092:0.421335:0.891092:0.405251:0.135135:0.405251:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019044:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019041:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018064:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019041:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
隐含了一种造物的存在，我们把它译为人生而平等其实是不准确的。:@0.135135:0.446502:0.735811:0.446502:0.735811:0.430417:0.135135:0.430417:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
首先是天赋所造成的不平等是人人无法改变的，由此带来的财富、成就的不平等:@0.175676:0.471668:0.880950:0.471668:0.880950:0.455583:0.175676:0.455583:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
是客观存在的。再者，后天的努力也是不一样的，由此带来的成果与进步以及生活水:@0.135135:0.496834:0.881255:0.496834:0.881255:0.480749:0.135135:0.480749:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
平的差别也是不同的，这也是造成不平等的客观原因。这些缺陷，只有到了“各尽所能，:@0.135135:0.522000:0.891092:0.522000:0.891092:0.505915:0.135135:0.505915:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013794:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
按需分配”的共产主义社会才能克服。马克思列宁主义认为，只有消灭阶级和阶级差别，:@0.135135:0.547166:0.891092:0.547166:0.891092:0.531081:0.135135:0.531081:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
才能实现真正的实质上的平等。当然，也有制度、环境所造成的。但制度与人性在平:@0.135135:0.572332:0.881095:0.572332:0.881095:0.556248:0.135135:0.556248:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
等的追求上却往往是矛盾的，制度在不断地促进平等，人性却在激励人人都想突破这:@0.135135:0.597498:0.881125:0.597498:0.881125:0.581414:0.135135:0.581414:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
种平等，出人头地。帕斯卡尔就曾深刻地指出：“我们生下来就不公平；因为每人有:@0.135135:0.622664:0.880937:0.622664:0.880937:0.606580:0.135135:0.606580:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
对自己的偏心。这和一切秩序是反对的。……而对自己的偏心乃是在战争中，在治安中，:@0.135135:0.647831:0.891092:0.647831:0.891092:0.631746:0.135135:0.631746:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
在经济中等等的一切混乱的开端。”（帕斯卡尔《思想集》）公平应当做到，平等永:@0.135135:0.672997:0.881281:0.672997:0.881281:0.656912:0.135135:0.656912:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020109:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023
远做不到！恩格斯就曾论道：“在国和国、省和省甚至地方和地方之间总会有生活条:@0.135135:0.698163:0.881095:0.698163:0.881095:0.682078:0.135135:0.682078:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
件方面的某种不平等存在，这种不平等可以减少到最低限度，但是永远不可能完全消:@0.135135:0.723329:0.881117:0.723329:0.881117:0.707244:0.135135:0.707244:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020025:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
除。阿尔卑斯山的居民和平原上的居民的生活条件总是不同的。把社会主义社会看做:@0.135135:0.748495:0.881125:0.748495:0.881125:0.732410:0.135135:0.732410:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
平等的王国，这是以“自由、平等、博爱”这一旧口号为根据的片面的法国人的看法，:@0.135135:0.773661:0.891092:0.773661:0.891092:0.757576:0.135135:0.757576:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019044:0.020023:0.020023:0.019041:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019043:0.020023:0.020023:0.019044:0.020023:0.020023:0.019041:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
这种看法作为当时当地一定的发展阶段的东西曾经是正确的，但是，像以前的各个社:@0.135135:0.798827:0.881125:0.798827:0.881125:0.782743:0.135135:0.782743:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
会主义学派的一切片面性一样，它现在也应当被克服，因为它只能引起思想混乱，而:@0.135135:0.823993:0.881255:0.823993:0.881255:0.807909:0.135135:0.807909:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
且因为这一问题已经有了更精确的叙述方法” 。:@0.135135:0.849160:0.567253:0.849160:0.567253:0.833075:0.135135:0.833075:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011645:0.020023
a:@0.535586:0.840164:0.547236:0.840164:0.547236:0.832099:0.535586:0.832099:0.011650
平等作为政治概念，在不同的历史时期，有不同的涵义。 世纪法国资产阶级革命，:@0.175676:0.874326:0.891081:0.874326:0.891081:0.858241:0.175676:0.858241:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.010662:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.010662:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013315:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
18:@0.648148:0.875366:0.668170:0.875366:0.668170:0.856645:0.648148:0.856645:0.010011:0.010011
a :@0.135135:0.903806:0.163710:0.903806:0.163710:0.893925:0.135135:0.893925:0.014273:0.014302
恩格斯《给奥 倍倍尔的信》《马克思恩格斯选集》第:@0.162162:0.904738:0.495867:0.904738:0.495867:0.893575:0.162162:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.004763:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302
·:@0.247973:0.905481:0.252736:0.905481:0.252736:0.892109:0.247973:0.892109:0.004763
3:@0.499442:0.905481:0.506593:0.905481:0.506593:0.892109:0.499442:0.892109:0.007151
卷，第:@0.510168:0.904738:0.553074:0.904738:0.553074:0.893575:0.510168:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302
349:@0.556649:0.905481:0.578102:0.905481:0.578102:0.892109:0.556649:0.892109:0.007151:0.007151:0.007151
页。:@0.581677:0.904738:0.610281:0.904738:0.610281:0.893575:0.581677:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302