• 85 •:@0.847517:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.847517:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.659223:0.071740:0.672095:0.071740:0.672095:0.055694:0.659223:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第四章 自由民主理性批判:@0.672095:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.672095:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.723582:0.073066:0.732163:0.073066:0.732163:0.057020:0.723582:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
 :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.004291
从没有完全的平等，我们所说的平等，是指在这个等级社会等级结构中，不论干什么，:@0.135135:0.119342:0.891092:0.119342:0.891092:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
不论从事什么职业，都是分工不同，没有尊卑贵贱之分，是指政治平等、机会平等、:@0.135135:0.143006:0.880935:0.143006:0.880935:0.126922:0.135135:0.126922:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
法律平等、人格上的平等，领导与群众都没有政治、经济、思想、言论特权，这就是:@0.135135:0.166671:0.881095:0.166671:0.881095:0.150586:0.135135:0.150586:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023
民主，这就是平等。平等不是平均，共同致富不是同样富裕，不是绝对平均主义，这:@0.135135:0.190335:0.880937:0.190335:0.880937:0.174250:0.135135:0.174250:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
不可能而且有害。美国人始终相信两种平等观念，一是机会均等，即大家都站在同一:@0.135135:0.213999:0.881255:0.213999:0.881255:0.197915:0.135135:0.197915:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
条起跑线上，另一种是结果的平等，也就是均富，我们说，均富是永远也不可能的，:@0.135135:0.237664:0.880933:0.237664:0.880933:0.221579:0.135135:0.221579:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020021:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
正是由于这种不可能，所以社会才发展，人类才不断进步。不断缩小贫富差别是正确:@0.135135:0.261328:0.881255:0.261328:0.881255:0.245243:0.135135:0.245243:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
的，也是可能的，但是要消灭这种差别却是不可能的。实际上，人的机会和结果都是:@0.135135:0.284992:0.881097:0.284992:0.881097:0.268908:0.135135:0.268908:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
有前提有条件的，人的禀赋不同，继承不同，努力不同，贡献不同，怎么能要求人人:@0.135135:0.308657:0.880935:0.308657:0.880935:0.292572:0.135135:0.292572:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
平等，一味要求平等，其实质是不平等。机会均等，国家也只能在大的方面画一条线，:@0.135135:0.332321:0.891092:0.332321:0.891092:0.316236:0.135135:0.316236:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018799:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018797:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
比如中国高考，不分贵贱，穷富，一律凭分数录取，这是世界上最公平最合理的制度:@0.135135:0.355985:0.881095:0.355985:0.881095:0.339901:0.135135:0.339901:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
了，但国家不能保证每个人都进北大清华，怎么能讲结果平等？再比如，国家号召万:@0.135135:0.379650:0.881090:0.379650:0.881090:0.363565:0.135135:0.363565:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020180:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020021:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
众创新，大众创业，也只能在市场准入、开办公司的条件方面实行平等待人，却不能:@0.135135:0.404671:0.881097:0.404671:0.881097:0.388586:0.135135:0.388586:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
保证每一个创业者都能成为马云马化腾，对不？怎么能要求结果平等？不平等与不满:@0.135135:0.429692:0.881255:0.429692:0.881255:0.413608:0.135135:0.413608:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
犹如向上的齿轮，推动社会前进。邓小平先生的让一部分人先富起来既是一个实际问:@0.135135:0.454713:0.881125:0.454713:0.881125:0.438629:0.135135:0.438629:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
题，也是一个哲学问题，没有一部分人的先富，就没有另一部分人、全体人的共同富裕，:@0.135135:0.479735:0.891092:0.479735:0.891092:0.463650:0.135135:0.463650:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013794:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
这是历史法则，自然法则。:@0.135135:0.504756:0.375406:0.504756:0.375406:0.488671:0.135135:0.488671:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
人在客观上形成的等级也是集中民主的理论依据之一。等级在民族、家族、组织:@0.175676:0.529777:0.880810:0.529777:0.880810:0.513692:0.175676:0.513692:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
中始终处于非常重要的地位，全世界概莫能外。人类是分等级的，人在客观上是有等:@0.135135:0.554798:0.881255:0.554798:0.881255:0.538714:0.135135:0.538714:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
级的，因为人和人之间是有差距的，有的差距还很大，有差距就有等级。这个等级不:@0.135135:0.579819:0.881095:0.579819:0.881095:0.563735:0.135135:0.563735:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
仅是社会秩序中的级别，社会分工的级别，还有智力、能力、思想、精神、智慧等，:@0.135135:0.604841:0.881195:0.604841:0.881195:0.588756:0.135135:0.588756:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020203:0.020203:0.020203:0.020023:0.020023
还有人在行进过程中自然形成的前后等级，等等。所以看问题要全面，处理问题要集:@0.135135:0.629862:0.881255:0.629862:0.881255:0.613777:0.135135:0.613777:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
思广益，多听不同意见，要集中各方面的意见，综合平衡，统筹兼顾。阶级和等级是:@0.135135:0.654883:0.880935:0.654883:0.880935:0.638798:0.135135:0.638798:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
历史发展社会进步的产物，原始共产主义是没有阶级和等级的社会，未来共产主义也:@0.135135:0.679904:0.881117:0.679904:0.881117:0.663820:0.135135:0.663820:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020025:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
一定是一个平等但有等级的社会（有等级但没有压迫，只有分工、管理和被管理、领:@0.135135:0.704925:0.881095:0.704925:0.881095:0.688841:0.135135:0.688841:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020023
导和被领导）。因为没有等级就没有秩序，没有等级就没有结构，没有结构任何事物:@0.135135:0.729947:0.881173:0.729947:0.881173:0.713862:0.135135:0.713862:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020101:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
都不稳定，社会尤其如此。有等级并不是不平等，平等也不是要取消等级，平等更不:@0.135135:0.754968:0.881095:0.754968:0.881095:0.738883:0.135135:0.738883:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
是平均。:@0.135135:0.779989:0.215226:0.779989:0.215226:0.763904:0.135135:0.763904:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
不平等的起源还有社会分工和竞争。我们既不能消除分工，也不能消除竞争，而:@0.175676:0.805010:0.880810:0.805010:0.880810:0.788926:0.175676:0.788926:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020023
且为了平等的到来，就需要有分工和竞争。分工从历史的最初时期起，从第一批人出:@0.135135:0.830031:0.881255:0.830031:0.881255:0.813947:0.135135:0.813947:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
现以后就有了，有分工就有不公和不平等，因为这种分工不是自愿而是自然或强迫形:@0.135135:0.855053:0.881125:0.855053:0.881125:0.838968:0.135135:0.838968:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
成的，然而这却是迄今为止历史发展的主要因素之一。社会有分工，就有层级，有分工，:@0.135135:0.880074:0.891092:0.880074:0.891092:0.863989:0.135135:0.863989:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013794:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.013792:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
才有结构，有结构，才有秩序。而竞争（竞赛也是竞争）则是人类社会和万物成长的:@0.135135:0.905095:0.881015:0.905095:0.881015:0.889010:0.135135:0.889010:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020021:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020105:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023