• 87 •:@0.847517:0.946969:0.881079:0.946969:0.881079:0.932706:0.847517:0.932706:0.005339:0.003814:0.007628:0.007628:0.003814:0.005339
 :@0.000973:0.067670:0.005263:0.067670:0.005263:0.051624:0.000973:0.051624:0.004291
» :@0.659223:0.071740:0.672095:0.071740:0.672095:0.055694:0.659223:0.055694:0.008581:0.004291
第四章 自由民主理性批判:@0.672095:0.072126:0.869460:0.072126:0.869460:0.058778:0.672095:0.058778:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.008581:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162:0.017162
  :@0.723582:0.073066:0.732163:0.073066:0.732163:0.057020:0.723582:0.057020:0.004291:0.004291
 :@0.869460:0.073066:0.873751:0.073066:0.873751:0.057020:0.869460:0.057020:0.004291
观一种现代化的表达方式。”:@0.135135:0.119342:0.395428:0.119342:0.395428:0.103257:0.135135:0.103257:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
 :@0.395428:0.120382:0.400434:0.120382:0.400434:0.101662:0.395428:0.101662:0.005006
平等是一个历史发展过程。人类对自由与平等的认识与获得不是在同一时间，也:@0.175676:0.144508:0.880950:0.144508:0.880950:0.128423:0.175676:0.128423:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020023
就是说自由与平等的发展是不平衡的，“在获得身份平等以前长期生活于自由之中的:@0.135135:0.169674:0.881125:0.169674:0.881125:0.153590:0.135135:0.153590:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
人民那里，自由所赋予的本性与平等所造成的倾向之间有一定的冲突 。”也就是说，:@0.135135:0.194840:0.891092:0.194840:0.891092:0.178756:0.135135:0.178756:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.019696:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.016103:0.019696:0.019696:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
a:@0.740410:0.185845:0.752060:0.185845:0.752060:0.177779:0.740410:0.177779:0.011650
自由与平等之间其实是有着内在的矛盾和冲突的。我们现在这个时代仍是一个不完全:@0.135135:0.220006:0.880875:0.220006:0.880875:0.203922:0.135135:0.203922:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023
平等时代，这是由我们这个时代的社会情况、经济情况、人们的具体不同情况决定的。:@0.135135:0.245173:0.891092:0.245173:0.891092:0.229088:0.135135:0.229088:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
这是一个客观现实。这里我想说几句似乎是题外的话。我记得：黑格尔针对狄德罗的:@0.135135:0.270339:0.881255:0.270339:0.881255:0.254254:0.135135:0.254254:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
哲学小说《拉摩的侄子》提出“公正的意识”的说法。马克思:@0.135135:0.295505:0.680149:0.295505:0.680149:0.279420:0.135135:0.279420:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020023:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020123:0.020223:0.020223:0.020023:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020123:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020023:0.020223:0.020223:0.020223:0.020023
1869:@0.685214:0.296545:0.725259:0.296545:0.725259:0.277825:0.685214:0.277825:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011:0.010011
年:@0.730325:0.295505:0.750348:0.295505:0.750348:0.279420:0.730325:0.279420:0.020023
4:@0.755413:0.296545:0.765425:0.296545:0.765425:0.277825:0.755413:0.277825:0.010011
月:@0.770470:0.295505:0.790493:0.295505:0.790493:0.279420:0.770470:0.279420:0.020023
15:@0.795539:0.296545:0.815561:0.296545:0.815561:0.277825:0.795539:0.277825:0.010011:0.010011
日给恩:@0.820627:0.295505:0.881095:0.295505:0.881095:0.279420:0.820627:0.279420:0.020223:0.020223:0.020023
格斯信中转引他的一段话中有这样一句：“公正的意识（这是狄德罗在对话中指定自:@0.135135:0.320671:0.881255:0.320671:0.881255:0.304586:0.135135:0.304586:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
己扮演的角色）认为每个因素都是永恒的本质，它不知道它恰恰是这样才造成颠倒，:@0.135135:0.345837:0.881331:0.345837:0.881331:0.329752:0.135135:0.329752:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020099:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
它是一种愚昧的无思想的东西。”这里马克思告诉我们，所谓“公正的意识”是一种:@0.135135:0.371003:0.881017:0.371003:0.881017:0.354919:0.135135:0.354919:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020105:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
抽象的道德观念，而不是活生生的现实。人们经过了一战、二战、韩战、越战……签约、:@0.135135:0.396169:0.891092:0.396169:0.891092:0.380085:0.135135:0.380085:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
毁约、退群……已经学会如何看世界了。可以说，美和善、正义和公正等等并不一定:@0.135135:0.421335:0.880935:0.421335:0.880935:0.405251:0.135135:0.405251:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
常常战胜它们的对立面，而又不得不和对立面掺和在一起。当然，我们相信人间正道:@0.135135:0.446502:0.881255:0.446502:0.881255:0.430417:0.135135:0.430417:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
是沧桑，正义最终必将胜邪恶，社会公平正义最终一定到来！:@0.135135:0.471668:0.675744:0.471668:0.675744:0.455583:0.135135:0.455583:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
西方宣传人生来平等，但实际上人是不平等的，世上根本不存在完全的平等。我:@0.175676:0.496834:0.880810:0.496834:0.880810:0.480749:0.175676:0.480749:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020163:0.020023:0.020163:0.020023
的看法和观点是：没有贫富（相对）、没有老少、没有高低，就不成世界，就没有敬畏！:@0.135135:0.522000:0.881081:0.522000:0.881081:0.505915:0.135135:0.505915:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017528:0.017528:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015031:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015033:0.015033:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015031:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015033:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015031:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
而没有敬畏就没有权威，没有秩序，没有平安！平等从来都是相对的，哪有人人平等！:@0.135135:0.547166:0.881081:0.547166:0.881081:0.531081:0.135135:0.531081:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015053:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015053:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015051:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
人人平等世界必乱，人类必乱！禀赋不同、起点不同、出身不同、努力不同、机会不同、:@0.135135:0.572332:0.891092:0.572332:0.891092:0.556248:0.135135:0.556248:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015039:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.015037:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
资源不同，教育、能力、性格等等各个不同，人在组织中的地位以及对于组织和社会:@0.135135:0.597498:0.881095:0.597498:0.881095:0.581414:0.135135:0.581414:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
的贡献也是不一样的，怎么可能有人人平等！又怎么能实行完全的平等呢？如果要求:@0.135135:0.622664:0.881255:0.622664:0.881255:0.606580:0.135135:0.606580:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
实现这种平等，其实才是不平等的。所以社会上总是会有贫富差别的，这就是自然法则，:@0.135135:0.647831:0.891092:0.647831:0.891092:0.631746:0.135135:0.631746:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.011715:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
任何想推翻这个法则的企图都是违反自然的，也是违反社会最大利益的，古往今来，:@0.135135:0.672997:0.881255:0.672997:0.881255:0.656912:0.135135:0.656912:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020023
一切变革莫不如此。这不是种族问题。当然这种差别不是一成不变的，是互相转化的，:@0.135135:0.698163:0.891092:0.698163:0.891092:0.682078:0.135135:0.682078:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018391:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.018389:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
但不论如何改变，均富是不可能的。无论是西方争取的起点平等还是很多人希望的终:@0.135135:0.723329:0.881125:0.723329:0.881125:0.707244:0.135135:0.707244:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020183:0.020173:0.020173:0.020173:0.020023
点平等，都是不可能的，不现实的，煽动人的，鼓励人的！你扪心自问：你希望那些:@0.135135:0.748495:0.881095:0.748495:0.881095:0.732410:0.135135:0.732410:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020203:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020193:0.020023
好吃懒做、偷奸耍滑或平平庸庸的人都和你一样富裕、一样体面、一样有地位、一样:@0.135135:0.773661:0.881095:0.773661:0.881095:0.757576:0.135135:0.757576:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
有尊严吗？平等是美好的愿望和理想，但不是事实，不是真理，用不可能实现的东西:@0.135135:0.798827:0.881097:0.798827:0.881097:0.782743:0.135135:0.782743:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020024:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
去蛊惑人心，煽动人心，只能激起人们毫无理由和意义的不满，进而引发动乱，破坏:@0.135135:0.823993:0.881095:0.823993:0.881095:0.807909:0.135135:0.807909:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
现存秩序。这样的平等与民主要不得，不能要！追求平等和承认贫富差距是不矛盾的，:@0.135135:0.849160:0.891092:0.849160:0.891092:0.833075:0.135135:0.833075:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017574:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.017572:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023:0.020023
是相反相成的。应当教育人们尊重自然法则，接受自然法则，树立贫富永存并可转换:@0.135135:0.874326:0.881255:0.874326:0.881255:0.858241:0.135135:0.858241:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020183:0.020023
a :@0.135135:0.903806:0.163710:0.903806:0.163710:0.893925:0.135135:0.893925:0.014273:0.014302
 :@0.162162:0.905481:0.165738:0.905481:0.165738:0.892109:0.162162:0.892109:0.003575
托克维尔《论美国的民主》下册，商务印书馆，:@0.165738:0.904738:0.466076:0.904738:0.466076:0.893575:0.165738:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302
2016:@0.466076:0.905481:0.494680:0.905481:0.494680:0.892109:0.466076:0.892109:0.007151:0.007151:0.007151:0.007151
年版，第:@0.498255:0.904738:0.555462:0.904738:0.555462:0.893575:0.498255:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302:0.014302
923:@0.559038:0.905481:0.580490:0.905481:0.580490:0.892109:0.559038:0.892109:0.007151:0.007151:0.007151
页。:@0.584066:0.904738:0.612670:0.904738:0.612670:0.893575:0.584066:0.893575:0.014302:0.014302