Page 114 - Communication across Cultures

Communication across Cultures

(1) The Uncertainty Reduction Theory
The Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) was developed by Charles R. Berger and
Richard J. Calabrese in 1975 as an explanation for the initial stages of interpersonal
communication. It focuses on how individuals seek to reduce uncertainty when they in-
teract with unfamiliar others.
The theory suggests that when people first meet or interact with someone from a
different culture or background, they experience uncertainty about the other person’s
attitudes, behaviors, and characteristics. This uncertainty is seen as a potential barrier to
effective communication and relationship development.
According to URT, individuals engage in communication and information-seeking
behaviors to reduce uncertainty and increase predictability in their interactions. They
strive to gather information about the other person through various means, such as di-
rect questions, observing behavior, or seeking information from third parties.
URT identifies two key strategies for uncertainty reduction:
Passive strategy: In this strategy, individuals observe the other person’s behavior
and make inferences or draw conclusions based on these observations. For example,
noticing their clothing, gestures, or facial expressions may provide cues about their cul-
tural background or personality.
Active strategy: This strategy involves more direct and explicit communication.
Individuals may engage in verbal exchanges, asking direct questions, seeking informa-
tion, and sharing personal details to gather information about the other person.
The theory suggests that as uncertainty decreases, individuals feel more comfort-
able and confident in their interactions. As a result, they are more likely to engage in
deeper, more meaningful communication and potentially develop a closer relationship.
The Uncertainty Reduction Theory has been widely studied and applied in various
fields, including intercultural communication, interpersonal communication, and orga-
nizational communication, to understand how individuals navigate unfamiliar social
situations and develop effective communication strategies.
However, it’s important to note that while URT focuses on reducing uncertainty in
initial interactions, the theory does not address long-term relationship development or
the impact of cultural factors on uncertainty reduction.
(2) Other Strategies
Apart from URT, There are many other strategies that can help overcome anxiety
and uncertainty in intercultural communication:
Cultural learning and sensitivity: Engage in cultural learning and sensitivity

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