Page 187 - Communication across Cultures

Chapter 6 Non-Verbal Communication

extended. There is a sense of urgency to complete tasks within specified time frames.
Time is quantifiable: Time is viewed as measurable and divided into discrete units
such as minutes, hours, and days. Keeping track of time and managing it efficiently is
essential.
One thing at a time: In the monochronic view, emphasis is placed on completing
one task before moving on to the next. Multi-tasking is generally seen as less efficient
and can lead to decreased focus and productivity.
Task-oriented: People with a monochronic view prioritize tasks and are committed
to completing them in a linear order. They prefer to tackle responsibilities individually
and prefer structured approaches.
Importance of time management: Time is managed carefully to avoid wasting or
squandering it. Planning and organization are valued skills to ensure deadlines are met.
It is important to note that while the monochronic view of time is prevalent in many
Western cultures, other cultures may have different perspectives, such as the polychron-
ic view that emphasizes simultaneous involvement in multiple activities.
2) Polychrome
People from polychronic time cultures live their lives quite differently. These cul-
tures include Chinese, Indians, Arabs, Latin Americans, and Mediterraneans. They tend
to view time more flexibly. A number of Southeast Asian cultures view time cyclically
rather than linearly, and thus they attach less importance to time consciousness.
The polychronic view of time differs from the monochronic view in several key
features:
Simultaneity: People with a polychronic view of time are comfortable with engag-
ing in multiple activities at the same time. They do not feel the need to complete one
task before moving on to another and may engage in overlapping commitments.
Fluid and flexible: Time is seen as more fluid and less constrained by schedules
and deadlines. Adherence to strict time frames may be more relaxed, and adjustments
and changes to plans are often expected and well accepted.
Relationships first: People with a polychronic view prioritize relationships and
human interactions over strict time constraints. Spending time with others, building
connections, and supporting social bonds are considered important.
Non-linear: Time is not viewed as a linear progression but rather as a cycle or in-
terconnected web of events. There is less emphasis on measuring and dividing time into
discrete units.
High context communication: Polychronic cultures often value indirect commu-

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