Page 43 - Communication across Cultures

Chapter 1 Culture

1.6 Cultures within Culture

Despite the mainstream culture, people could identify some other cultural groups
in any country. In order to identify groups that are cultures but that exist within another
culture, we need to learn the definitions of the terms co-culture, subculture, and sub-
group.

1.6.1 Subculture
A subculture refers to a distinct group or community within a society that shares
specific beliefs, practices, behaviors, and interests that set them apart from the dom-
inant culture. Subcultures can emerge based on various factors such as age, music
preferences, fashion styles, hobbies, occupations, or counter-cultural ideologies. These
groups often form as a means of identity expression and solidarity among individuals
who feel marginalized or disconnected from mainstream society.
Subcultures can have their own norms, values, symbols, language, and rituals that
differentiate them from the dominant culture. They may develop unique styles of cloth-
ing, music genres, slang, or subversive behaviors that challenge mainstream norms
and expectations. Examples of subcultures include punk, goth, hip-hop, skateboarders,
gamers, and motorcycle enthusiasts.
It’s important to note that subcultures are not isolated entities but exist within the
larger cultural framework. While they have their own distinct practices and identities,
subcultures are influenced by and can influence the dominant culture as well. They pro-
vide spaces for self-expression, creativity, and alternative social structures for individu-
als seeking belonging and a sense of community.

1.6.2 Co-Culture

Co-culture refers to a group or community within a larger society that shares dis-
tinctive characteristics, experiences, and identities, which may differ from the dominant
or mainstream culture. These co-cultures can be based on factors such as race, ethnicity,
nationality, religion, gender, age, disability, socioeconomic status, or sexual orientation.
Co-cultures often develop in response to societal marginalization or discrimination,
and they provide a sense of belonging and support for individuals who may face unique
challenges or experiences within the larger society. Members of co-cultures typically
share common values, norms, customs, and language, and they may develop their own
cultural practices, traditions, and ways of understanding the world. Subculture has been

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