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Chapter 4 Adaptation Measures to Address Global Climate Change

facilities can improve their capacity to withstand extreme rainfall and flooding. For example,
in urban drainage system design, larger drainage pipes and more efficient drainage pumping
stations should be adopted to address drainage pressures caused by extreme rainfall. Addi-
tionally, ecological facilities such as rain gardens, permeable pavements, and green roofs can
be constructed to enhance the city’s natural drainage capacity and reduce flood occurrences.
In coastal areas, flood control facility design must fully account for the impacts of
sea-level rise. For instance, constructing higher breakwaters and seawalls can resist seawater
intrusion caused by rising sea levels. Furthermore, tidal barriers andSeawater desalination
facilities to mitigate the impact of seawater on coastal cities. In low-lying areas, the design
of flood control facilities should account for topographic characteristics by constructing
drainage ditches and retention basins to enhance regional drainage capacity and reduce flood
occurrences.
3. Disaster-Resistant Design of Transportation Infrastructure
Transportation infrastructure serves as critical support for socioeconomic activities,
and its stability and disaster resistance capacity directly affect economic development effi-
ciency and public convenience. Extreme weather events caused by climate change, such as
heavy rain, floods, typhoons, and high temperatures, pose severe challenges to the stability
and functionality of transportation infrastructure. Therefore, improving the design of trans-
portation infrastructure can enhance its disaster resilience and ensure stable operation under
extreme climatic conditions.
In road design, the impacts of extreme rainfall and flooding should be fully considered.
By optimizing road drainage systems and enhancing the scour resistance of roadbeds, road
damage can be reduced. For example, in the design of mountain roads, more robust roadbed
materials and comprehensive drainage systems should be adopted to withstand torrential
rains and flash floods. In urban road design, ecological facilities such as permeable pave-
ments and rain gardens should be utilized to strengthen natural drainage capacity and reduce
waterlogging.
In bridge design, the impacts of extreme wind speeds and flooding should be fully con-
sidered. By optimizing bridge structures and improving wind and flood resistance, bridge
damage can be minimized. For instance, in coastal bridge design, sturdier piers and more
efficient wind-resistant structures should be employed to withstand typhoons and wave im-
pacts. For bridges in river and lake areas, taller piers and comprehensive flood control facili-
ties should be implemented to address flood risks.
(IV) Climate-Adaptive Design of Energy Infrastructure
Energy infrastructure is a critical pillar for socio-economic activities, and its stabili-
ty and disaster resistance directly impact energy supply security and stable economic op-
erations. Extreme weather events caused by climate change, such as high temperatures,
droughts, floods, and typhoons, pose significant challenges to the stability and functionality
of energy infrastructure. Therefore, enhancing the design of energy infrastructure can im-

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