Page 345 - 全球气候变化及其影响Global Climate Change and Its Impacts-185×260

Chapter Seven Regional Studies on Climate Change Response

II. Exploring Low-Carbon Development Pathways in Developing
Countries

Amid global efforts to address climate change, developing countries face the multifac-
eted challenge of achieving economic growth, poverty reduction, and carbon emission reduc-
tions. Exploring context-specific low-carbon development pathways has become particularly
crucial and urgent. This endeavor not only impacts the sustainable development of these na-
tions but also profoundly influences the global climate governance process.
(1) Optimizing Energy Structure and Promoting Renewable Energy Development
Currently, most developing countries exhibit a heavy reliance on fossil fuels in their
energy consumption structure, which not only poses challenges to energy supply security but
also results in substantial greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, optimizing energy structure
has become the primary task for developing countries transitioning toward low-carbon de-
velopment. Many developing countries possess abundant renewable energy resource endow-
ments based on their geographical conditions. In Southeast Asia, year-round abundant sun-
light provides favorable conditions for solar energy development, while ample precipitation
forms numerous rivers containing massive hydropower resources. Additionally, substantial
agricultural waste and other biomass energy sources await further exploitation. In Africa,
vast desert regions and coastal areas hold rich solar and wind energy resources, offering ex-
pansive opportunities for renewable energy industry development.
Some developing countries have actively engaged in the development and implementa-
tion of renewable energy projects. In East Africa, a certain country has vigorously promoted
solar photovoltaic power generation projects. Through government-initiated preferential
policies, attraction of international investment, and collaboration with professional energy
enterprises, distributed solar power stations have been constructed in remote areas with in-
adequate electricity supply. The completion of these stations has effectively improved local
residents’ access to electricity, stimulated local economic activities, and enhanced quality
of life. Simultaneously, it has significantly reduced reliance on traditional fossil fuels, fun-
damentally decreasing greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide, thereby laying
the foundation for low-carbon development. In another African country, abundant water re-
sources from domestic rivers are being actively utilized to prepare and construct large-scale
hydropower stations. Through scientific planning, technology introduction, and international
cooperation, the construction of hydropower plants is progressing steadily. After becoming
operational, the clean electricity generated not only meets the growing power demands of
domestic industrialization processes and promotes industrial production development,but
also significantlyreduced carbon emissions in the energy production process, facilitating the
nation’s low-carbon transition while pursuing economic development.
(2) Promoting Industrial Upgrading and Developing Green Industries
Optimizing and adjusting industrial structure is one of the core pathways for developing
countries to achieve low-carbon development. In traditional industrial structures of devel-

• 337 •