Page 346 - 全球气候变化及其影响Global Climate Change and Its Impacts-185×260

Global Climate Change and Its Impacts

oping nations, industries with high energy consumption and high emissions—such as steel,
cement, and chemicals in some countries—account for a significant proportion. These indus-
tries consume vast amounts of energy during production while emitting substantial green-
house gases. For example, in one major developing country, the government formulated and
implemented a series of stringent environmental standards and industrial policies to drive
green transformation of its industrial structure. In the steel sector, energy consumption and
emission limits were established to phase out obsolete production capacities that failed to
meet standards, compelling steel enterprises to invest in technological upgrades. Companies
introduced advanced smelting technologies, energy-saving and emission-reduction equip-
ment, and optimized production processes to enhance resource efficiency, thereby reducing
energy consumption and emissions per unit of product.
While phasing out outdated production capacities, developing countries are actively
nurturing and expanding green industries. Taking the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry as
an example, a certain country’s government has attracted numerous enterprises to engage in
NEV R&D and production through measures such as providing fiscal subsidies, establishing
special R&D funds, and constructing industrial parks. With policy support, companies
continue to increase investment in technological innovation, achieving breakthroughs in
critical areas like battery technology and autonomous driving systems, and fostering a group
of NEV enterprises with strong international competitiveness. The development of the NEV
industry has not only driven coordinated growth across upstream and downstream industrial
chains including battery manufacturing, motor production, and smart control systems –
creating substantial employment opportunities and boosting economic growth – but has
also significantly reduced carbon emissions in transportation, achieving organic integration
between industrial development and low-carbon objectives. In the information technology
and service sectors, another developing country leverages its human resource advantages to
vigorously develop low-carbon industries like software outsourcing and financial services.
Through enhanced talent cultivation, improved infrastructure, and optimized business
environments, it has attracted substantial international business, forming industrial clusters
with scale effects. These industries demonstrate low energy consumption and minimal
pollution during their development, effectively mitigating high energy consumption and
emission issues from industrial production, thereby driving the transformation of the national
economic structure toward green and low-carbon directions.
(3) Strengthen ecological protection, Enhance carbon sink capacity
Ecosystems play a crucialcarbon sink role in the global carbon cycle，which holds ir-
replaceable significance in mitigating climate change. Developing countries possess unique
advantages in ecological resources, boasting vast ecosystems such as forests and wetlands.
Strengthening the protection and restoration of these ecosystems is crucial forenhancing car-
bon sink capacity、achieving low-carbon development.
In South America, a certain country possesses the world’s largest tropical rainforest and

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