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Global Climate Change and Its Impacts

ly increase building area upon meeting green building standards, thereby enhancing project
economic benefits and encouraging the construction industry to actively transition toward
low-carbon development.
To deeply integrate climate goals into urban development strategies, cities fully consid-
erclimate change factorsduring the planning process. In terms of urban spatial layout plan-
ning, cities implement scientific and rational industrial distribution plans. Energy-intensive
industries such as steel and chemical manufacturing are gradually relocated to urban periph-
eries, away from densely populated areas, to reduce energy transmission losses and facilitate
centralized construction of energy infrastructure, thereby improving energy transmission ef-
ficiency. Simultaneously, low-energy-consumption, high-value-added industries like finance
and technology services are prioritized in urban core areas. For land use planning, emphasis
is placed on increasing the proportion of ecological spaces such as urban green spaces and
wetlands. Through the development of urban parks and wetland conservation zones, cities
enhance their ecosystems’carbon sequestration capacityPlants in urban parks absorb carbon
dioxide through photosynthesis, storing it in vegetation and soil,acting as carbon sinkswet-
land ecosystems also possess robustcarbon sequestration capabilities。In addition, ecosys-
tems can utilize their regulatory functions, such as urban green spaces regulating city tem-
peratures through plant transpiration to mitigate urban heat island effects; wetlands can store
floodwaters and prevent waterlogging during extreme weather events like heavy rainfall,
enhancing urban resilience to climate change.

II. Urban Energy Transition and Low-Carbon Development Practices

Cities’ transition practices in energy production and consumption are the core and criti-
cal link for reducing carbon emissions and advancing toward low-carbon development.
In terms of energy production, the development of distributed energy has become a
key trend in urban energy transitions. Many cities fully leverage local natural resources to
actively promote distributed energy projects such as solar, wind, and hydro power. On build-
ing rooftops across cities, large-scale installation of solarphotovoltaic panels has becomea
common sight. These solarphotovoltaic panels convertSolar energy is efficiently converted
into electricity to provide power support for lighting, electrical equipment, and other systems
within buildings. Some buildings not only achieve self-sufficiency in electricity but can also
feed surplus power into the grid, enabling reverse energy transmission. In suburban areas
with abundant wind resources, small-scale wind farms are emerging. These wind farms uti-
lize wind to drive turbine blades, which then rotate to generate electricity through connected
generators, delivering clean power to surrounding areas to meet the energy demands of local
residents and businesses. Some cities additionally harness biogas produced by urban sewage
treatment plants and landfill sites for power generation. At municipal wastewater treatment
facilities, organic matter in sewage is converted into biogas through anaerobic fermentation
processes. This biogas is then transformed into electricity using biogas generators, achieving

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