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Chapter Seven Regional Studies on Climate Change Response

Section III City-Level Innovative Cases in Climate Change
Response

I. Innovations in Urban Climate Change Planning and Policies

Under the urgent circumstances of global climate change, cities, as regions with highly
concentrated economic activities and dense populations, have become critical battlegrounds
for addressing climate change. The formulation of scientifically sound and practical climate
change response plans at the urban level, along with the implementation of innovative pol-
icies, holds immeasurable significance for comprehensively and deeply integrating climate
goals into urban development strategies.
Numerous cities have begun developing comprehensive climate action plans to chart
detailed roadmaps for addressing climate change. Taking London as an example, its pub-
lished “London Climate Action Strategy” sets ambitious targets: by 2030,to reduce carbon
emissionsReduce by 60% compared to 1990 levels. To achieve this goal, the strategy formu-
lates detailed action plans covering key sectors such as energy, transportation, and buildings.
In the energy sector, efforts focus on accelerating the transition to renewable energy, with
plans to significantly increase the proportion of solar, wind, and bioenergy in the energy
supply mix. In transportation, the strategy emphasizes promoting public transit, optimizing
transportation network layouts, and encouraging green mobility to reduce carbon emissions.
In the building sector, it advocates for energy-efficient retrofits and green building develop-
ment to enhance energy utilization efficiency.
Regarding policy innovation, cities are actively exploring and implementing dual incen-
tive-constraint policy systems. In the energy sector, some cities have pioneered renewable
energy quota policies. These policies explicitly require energy suppliers to ensure a desig-
nated proportion of their energy supply comes from renewable sources. For example, reg-
ulations mandate that at least 30% of energy supplied annually by providers must originate
fromSolar energy, wind energy, and other renewable energy sources. Through this approach,
the strategy drives the transformation of urban energy structures toward low-carbon orienta-
tion from the energy supply source, incentivizing energy enterprises to increase investment
and development efforts in renewable energy projects. In the construction sector, cities have
established strict and detailed green building standards. New constructions are required to
meet explicit and quantifiable requirements in energy efficiency, water conservation, and
environmental protection. For example, new buildings must achieve specific standards for
exterior wall insulation performance to reduce energy consumption for winter heating and
summer cooling; lighting systems must utilize high-efficiency energy-saving fixtures to low-
er lighting energy use. Construction projects failing to meet these standards face restricted
approval processes, while projects meeting or exceeding green building standards receive
policy incentives such as tax benefits and floor area ratio rewards. Tax benefits may include
reductions in property taxes, while floor area ratio rewards allow developers to appropriate-

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