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Chapter 1 Scientific Basis of Global Climate Change

caused by increased greenhouse gas emissions. However, this method also carries numerous
uncertainties and potential risks, such as potentially altering global precipitation patterns and
damaging the ozone layer.Marine Cloud BrighteningThis method involves spraying tiny sea
salt particles into clouds over the ocean to increase their albedo, thereby cooling the Earth.
Currently, climate engineering research remains in the stage of theoretical exploration and
small-scale experiments, facing significant technical, ethical, and policy challenges. In the
future, related studies must be conducted cautiously based on comprehensive assessments of
potential risks and benefits to explore sustainable climate intervention strategies.
II. Applications and Challenges of Interdisciplinary Research in Climate
Change

In climate change research, the application of interdisciplinary approaches has become
increasingly widespread, providing new perspectives for comprehensively understanding
the complexity of climate change and its impacts. The climate-economy coupled model
serves as a typical example of interdisciplinary research. Economic activities are one of the
primary drivers of climate change, while climate change also profoundly affects economic
development. The climate-economy coupled model integrates climate models with econom-
ic models, enabling comprehensive analysis of economic system responses under different
climate change scenarios and feedback effects of economic activities on climate change.
For instance, the renowned Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy (DICE) model considers
interactions between greenhouse gas emissions, carbon cycles, climate system changes, and
economic growth. Through this model, different mitigationemission reduction policieson
economic growth and climate change, providing an economic basis for formulating rational
climate policies. However, constructing such coupled models faces numerous challenges.
Climate systems and economic systems operate on different spatiotemporal scales and fol-
low distinct operational logics, making their accurate integration a major challenge. Cli-
mate system changes occur relatively slowly with strong natural variability,while economic
systems respond more rapidly to policy and market changes. Furthermore, differences in
data formats, terminology, and research methodologies across disciplines can lead to infor-
mation loss or misinterpretation during integration. To address these issues, it is necessary
to strengthen collaboration in interdisciplinary teams and promote communication between
researchers from different fields. Developing unified data standards and interfaces would
facilitate better integration of climate and economic data. Simultaneously, continuous im-
provements should be made to the structure and algorithms of coupled models to enhance
their simulation capabilities for complex system interactions.
Interdisciplinary research in climate and sociology also holds significant importance.
Climate change is not only a natural science issue but also profoundly affects various aspects
of human society, including social structures, population migration, and cultural heritage.
Sociologists investigate the differential impacts of climate change on diverse social groups

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