Page 43 - 全球气候变化及其影响Global Climate Change and Its Impacts-185×260

Chapter 1 Scientific Basis of Global Climate Change

jections of future climate change. Byorganising a series of large-scale international research
projects, such as the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), WCRP promotes in-
tercomparison and refinement of climate models across nations, improving the accuracy and
reliability of global climate change projections.
In addition to WCRP, numerous other international cooperation mechanisms and plat-
forms actively contribute to climate change research. The Intergovernmental Panel on Cli-
mate Change (IPCC), as a key institution under the United Nations framework, regularly
releases climate change assessment reports, synthesizing the latest findings in global climate
change research to provide scientific foundations for governments worldwide in formulating
climate response policies. The International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) focus-
es on studying the interactions between biogeochemical cycles and the climate system within
Earth’s system, promoting interdisciplinary global change research. These international co-
operation mechanisms and platforms have significantly advanced the development of climate
change research by fostering communication and collaboration among researchers across
nations, as well as sharing research data and outcomes.
However, conducting international cooperation in climate change research requires sub-
stantial resource commitments. Funding stands as one of the primary needs. Climate change
research encompasses broad fields and complex experimental observations, demanding mas-
sive financial investments for establishing and maintaining observation networks, developing
advanced monitoring technologies and instruments, conducting large-scale numerical simu-
lation studies, and organizing international collaborative projects. For instance, constructing
the Global Ocean Observing System requires deploying numerous buoys, submersibles, and
satellite remote sensing equipment across oceans, all of which necessitate enormous financial
support. Developing more sophisticated climate models also requires significant funding for
acquiring and maintaining high-performance computers, as well as training researchers and
supporting scientific investigations. It is estimated that global annual investments in climate
change research reach tens of billions of US dollars, and these financial demands continue to
escalate as research deepens and requirements grow.
Technological resources are equally indispensable. Climate change research requires
advanced observation technologies, data processing technologies, and modeling and simula-
tion technologies. In terms of observation technologies, there is a need to continuously de-
velop high-resolution satellite remote sensing technologies and high-precision ground-based
and marine observation instruments to obtain more accurate and comprehensive climate ob-
servation data. For data processing technologies, facing massive volumes of climate change
data, it is essential to develop efficient data storage, transmission, and analysis technologies,
as well as advanced data assimilation techniques to achieve seamless integration of observa-
tional data with model simulation results. Regarding modeling and simulation technologies,
continuous enhancement of computational capabilities, development of more advanced
numerical algorithms and model frameworks are required to improve the accuracy and ef-

• 35 •