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Global Climate Change and Its Impacts

achieving deep decarbonization targets. Regarding developmental stage differences, devel-
oping countries are currently undergoing rapid economic growth and industrialization pro-
cesses with continuously rising energy demands. In undertaking emission reductionEmission
reduction responsibilitiesshould fully consider their development needs, granting appropriate
policy flexibility and support. In terms of response capabilities, developed countries possess
advanced technological R&D capacities and substantial financial resources, and should pro-
vide developing nations with financial assistance, technology transfer, and capacity-building
support to enhance their climate change response capabilities, thereby achievingequitable
and effective climate governance globally. Through such distribution of responsibilities and
obligations, the international community can advance global climate governance more fairly
and rationally, realizing sustainable development goals for all humanity.

III. Protection of Vulnerable Groups and Social Inclusion in Climate
Change Response

Climate change exhibits significant disparities in its impacts on different social
groups,disparitiesEquity, Vulnerable groups often suffer more severe impacts in this process,
therefore, strengthening the protection of vulnerable groups and promoting social inclusion
in climate change response strategies demonstrate both urgency and necessity. Vulnerable
groups encompass multiple populations including low-income populations, the elderly, chil-
dren, individuals with disabilities, and communities reliant on natural resources for their
livelihoods. Climate change has triggered increasingly frequent and intense extreme weather
events such as torrential rains and floods, droughts, and hurricanes. Low-income popula-
tions, due to their relatively poor living conditions and lack of economic resources to cope
with disasters, often suffer greater losses of life and property when disasters strike. The el-
derly and children, with their relatively fragile physical constitutions, are more susceptible
to health risks caused by climate change, such as heatstroke induced by high temperatures
and increased risks of infectious disease transmission. Individuals with disabilities may face
greater survival challenges during disaster response and climate adaptation processes due to
mobility limitations and difficulties in accessing information. Communities dependent on
natural resources for survival, such as those relying on agriculture and fisheries, face direct
threats to their livelihoods from climate change-induced issues like reduced crop yields and
diminishing fishery resources. To effectively protect the rights and interests of vulnerable
groups, policymaking processes must fullyConsiderationof their special needs. In disaster
risk management policies, equip areas with high concentrations of vulnerable groups with
enhanced disaster early warning systems and develop targeted evacuation and rescue plans
to ensure timely assistance during disasters. In social security policies, strengthen support
for impoverished populations by providing essential living subsidies and emergency relief
to help them cope with rising living costs caused by climate change. Concurrently, intensify
climate change education and skills training for vulnerable groups to improve their self-pro-

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