Page 206 - 全球气候变化及其影响Global Climate Change and Its Impacts-185×260

Global Climate Change and Its Impacts

achieve optimal emission reduction outcomes. For example, carbon tax andcarbon tradingBy
setting reasonable tax rates and emission caps, the achievement of emission reduction targets
can be ensured, while subsidies and tax incentives can promote the adoption of clean energy
by reducing the investment costs of low-carbon technologies.

III. Technology Transfer and Capacity Building

Technology transfer and capacity building are crucial means to address climate change,
particularly in facilitating developing countries’ transition to low-carbon development and
sustainable growth. Developed countries possess advanced clean energy technologies, ener-
gy efficiency technologies, andcarbon captureand storage (CCS) technologies, while devel-
oping countries still face numerous challenges in technology access and capacity building.
Therefore, technical exchanges and support between developed and developing countries are
particularly vital.
(1) Importance of Technology Transfer
Technology transfer refers to the transfer of advanced clean energy technologies, energy
efficiency technologies, and low-carbon technologies from developed to developing coun-
tries to assist their low-carbon transition and sustainable development. Its significance mani-
fests in the following aspects:
[1] Promoting Low-Carbon Transition in Developing Countries
Developing countries account for an increasing proportion of global greenhouse gas
emissions annually, with their energy structures predominantly reliant on fossil fuels and rel-
atively limited application of low-carbon technologies. Through technology transfer, devel-
oping countries can obtain advanced clean energy technologies (such as solar, wind, and bio-
mass energy) and energy-saving technologies (such as high-efficiency motors and building
energy-saving technologies), thereby reducing dependence on fossil fuels and promoting the
decarbonization of energy structures. For example, China introduced Germany’s solar pho-
tovoltaictechnologyand Denmark’s wind power technology, rapidly becoming the world’s
largest solar and wind energy market, significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
2. Enhancing Emission Reduction Capacity in Developing Countries
Technology transfer can not only assist developing countries in achieving low-carbon
transition but also enhance their emission reduction capabilities. By introducing advanced
carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology and industrial energy-saving technologies,
developing countries can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the industrial and energy
sectors and enhance their contributions to global emission reduction efforts. For instance,
South Africa, by adopting Norway’s carbon capture and storage technology, has success-
fully reduced carbon dioxide emissions from its coal-fired power plants, contributing to the
globalcarbon emission reduction effortsand has made important contributions.
3. Promoting Equity in Global Climate Governance
Technology transfer is an important means to achieve fairness in global climate gov-

• 198 •