Page 202 - 全球气候变化及其影响Global Climate Change and Its Impacts-185×260

Global Climate Change and Its Impacts

1. Advancements in Wind Power Generation Technology
Wind power generation technology is one of the primary forms of wind energy utiliza-
tion, converting wind energy into electricity to provide clean energy for power systems. In
recent years, significant progress has been made in improving efficiency and reducing costs
in wind power generation technology. For example, the single-unit capacity of onshore wind
turbines has reached 5-6 megawatts, while that of offshore wind turbines has reached 10-12
megawatts, with wind power conversion efficiency exceeding 40%.Additionally, the cost of
wind power has significantly decreased over the past decade, dropping from $0.1 per kilo-
watt-hour in 2010 to approximately $0.05 per kilowatt-hour in 2020, making it one of the
most competitive clean energy sources.
2. Application Prospects of Wind Energy Technology
The application prospects of wind energy technology are vast, playing a crucial role in
the global energy transition. Firstly, the application of wind energy technology in power sys-
tems will significantly reduce fossil fuel usage and lower greenhouse gas emissions. For ex-
ample, by 2050, wind power is expected to account for over 20% of global electricity supply,
becoming one of the largest sources of electricity worldwide. Secondly, wind energy tech-
nology in offshore windElectricity SectorThe application of offshore wind power will also
significantly reduce the use of fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions. For example,
offshore wind farms have been extensively constructed worldwide, providing clean power
supply to coastal areas.
(3) Progress in Other Renewable Energy Technologies
In addition to solar and wind energy technologies, other renewable energy technologies
(such as biomass, geothermal, and hydropower) also play crucial roles in the global energy
transition.
【1】 Application of Biomass Energy Technology
Biomass energy technology is a vital component of the renewable energy sector. By
converting biomass (such as crop residues, forestry waste, and municipal waste) into energy,
it provides clean power for electrical systems. For instance, biomass power generation has
been widely adopted globally, delivering clean electricity to rural areas. Additionally, bio-
mass fuels (such as biodiesel and bioethanol) are extensively used in transportation, offering
significant support for reducing fossil fuel consumption.
【2】 Application of Geothermal Energy Technology
Geothermal energy technology is another important component in the field of renewable
energy. It provides clean energy for power systems and heating systems by converting geo-
thermal energy into electricity or heat. For example, geothermal power generation has been
widely used globally to provide clean electricity supply for regions with abundant geother-
mal resources. Additionally, geothermal heating has also been extensively applied worldwide
to provide clean heating services for households and enterprises.

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