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Chapter Seven Regional Studies on Climate Change Response

phasing out outdated production capacities. Governments establish industrialtransition-spe-
cific fundsFunds are allocated to support traditional industrial enterprises in technological
transformation for energy conservation and emission reduction. Policy support includes loan
interest subsidies for technological upgrades and equipment renewal subsidies for enterprises
in industries such as steel, cement, and chemicals, promoting the adoption of advanced pro-
duction processes and equipment to reduce energy consumption and pollutant emissions. In
the construction sector, green building standards are vigorously promoted. A green building
evaluation system covering the full lifecycle of building design, construction, and operation
is established, with policy incentives such as floor area ratio rewards and tax benefits for
projects meeting green building standards, significantly enhancing building energy efficien-
cy. In the transportation sector, the development of new energy vehicles is actively encour-
aged. Policy measures include purchase subsidies for new energy vehicles, exemption from
vehicle purchase taxes, and the development of supporting charging infrastructure. Acceler-
ated deployment of charging facilities is implemented, with charging piles and battery swap
stations strategically placed in urban public areas and highway service zones, creating favor-
able conditions for the adoption and use of new energy vehicles.
In addition, developed countries have significantly increased investments in climate
research and international cooperation, achieving the sharing of climate technologies, funds,
and other resources through international collaboration, thereby effectively enhancing glob-
al capacity to address climate change. In terms of climate research, scientific institutions
and universities in developed countries have intensified investments in fundamental climate
change science, conducting studies on climate change mechanisms, impact assessments,fu-
ture trend predictions, and other areas to provide scientific foundations for climate policy
formulation. Regarding international cooperation, developed countries offer climate technol-
ogy assistance to developing nations through bilateral or multilateral mechanisms, helping
them improve technical capabilities to combat climate change; they also provide financial
support by establishing funds such as the Green Climate Fund to assist developing countries
in implementing energy-saving emission-reduction projects and climate adaptation initia-
tives, fostering global collective action against climate challenges.

II. Legal and Institutional Frameworks for Climate Change Response in
Developed Countries

In the face of the severe challenges posed by global climate change, developed coun-
tries have leveraged their strong economic strength and advanced technological foundation
to establish a relatively comprehensive legal and institutional framework for addressing cli-
mate change, aiming to regulate behaviors across all sectors of society and effectively drive
the achievement of emission reduction targets.
International conventions have laid a crucial foundation for the establishment of domes-
tic legal and institutional frameworks in developed countries. The United Nations Frame-

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