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Chapter 8 Climate Change and Future Prospects

components such as goal setting, action plans, and monitoring/evaluation. Goal setting must
define long-term and phased emission reduction targets, specific indicators for climate adapta-
tion, e.g., reducing global greenhouse gasemissions below a certain baselinereduce by a certain
percentage compared to a baseline year, as well as specific quantitative targets such as enhanc-
ing infrastructure resilience to extreme climate events in specific regions. Action strategies
should include energy transition plans, such as increasing investment in and development of
renewableenergy sources like solar and wind; industrial adjustment strategies to promote green
upgrades in high-energy-consuming industries; and ecological conservation and restoration
initiatives to enhance natural ecosystems’carbon sink capacity. The monitoring and evaluation
component should establish a scientific indicator system to regularly assess the implementation
effectiveness of the strategy, with timely adjustments to strategic directions and action mea-
sures based on evaluation results to ensure effective implementation.

II. Long-term Cross-sectoral Climate Governance Mechanism

Establishing a long-term cross-sectoral climate governance mechanism is essential
for integrating resources, improving governance efficiency, and achieving effective climate
change response. Climate change issues span multiple sectors including energy, transpor-
tation, industry, agriculture, and ecology, which cannot be comprehensively addressed by a
single department and require multi-sectoral collaboration.
In the energy sector, close collaboration with the industrial sector is essential. The ener-
gy sector is responsible for planning and constructing renewable energy infrastructure, such
as large-scale wind farms and solar power plants, to provide clean electricity for industrial
production. The industrial sector must actively respond by increasing research, development,
and application of energy-saving technologies and processes to reduce energy consumption
and greenhouse gas emissions during production. Through information sharing and joint
project implementation, both parties work together to advance energy transition and green
industrial development.
Collaboration between the transportation sector and urban planning departments is
equally critical. The transportation sector formulates public transportation priority devel-
opment strategies, increases investment in metro systems, light rail, rapid bus transit, and
optimizes bus routes. Urban planning departments fully consider transportation needs in city
development plans, rationally arrange commercial, residential, and work zones to reduce
commuting distances and promote green travel. Through coordinated efforts, these depart-
ments can effectively reduce carbon emissions in transportation, alleviate urban traffic con-
gestion, and enhance cities’ comprehensive capacity to address climate change.
The agricultural sector and the ecological environment department are also closely
linked in addressing climate change. The agricultural sector promotes sustainable agricultur-
al production methods such as organic farming and precision agriculture to reduce agricul-
tural non-point source pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The ecological environment

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