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Chapter 4 Adaptation Measures to Address Global Climate Change

enhances ecosystem connectivity, providing channels for species interaction and genetic
storage, increasing the rate and frequency of species and gene exchange, and strengthening
population resilience and stability. They also create a continuous habitat network for species
with limited dispersal capabilities, improving opportunities for recolonization and ultimately
connecting isolated habitat patches with large source habitats.
(V) Construction and Optimization of Ecological Networks
The study takes Jiangsu Province as an example, employing Morphological Spatial
Pattern Analysis (MSPA) to examine landscape pattern changes and identify the fragmen-
tation and emergence of critical ecological source areas. Using the Minimum Cumulative
Resistance (MCR) model, an ecological network was constructed and ecological spatial con-
nectivity analyzed. The results demonstrate that measures such as restoring ecological nodes,
establishing new ecological nodes, and constructing stepping stones can effectively enhance
ecological network connectivity while providing stopover points for species migration.

Application of Ecological Restoration Technologies

Ecological restoration technologies serve as crucial tools for rehabilitating degraded
ecosystems. Through advanced scientific methods and technical approaches, these technol-
ogies repair damaged ecosystems and restore their structure and functions. The application
scope of ecological restoration technologies is extensive, encompassing various ecosystem
types including forests, wetlands, grasslands, rivers, and marine environments. These tech-
niques not only restore ecosystems to their natural state but also enhance their ecological
service functions, facilitating biodiversity recovery and sustainable development.
(1) Vegetation Restoration Techniques
Vegetation restoration technology is one of the most commonly used methods in ecolog-
ical restoration. It restores vegetation coverage on degraded land by planting native plants,
improving soil structure and water cycle. The techniques include seed sowing, seedling
transplantation, and artificial forest establishment. For example, in degraded grasslands and
desert areas, planting drought-tolerant and salt-alkali-resistant native plants can effectively
restore vegetation coverage, reduce soil erosion, and improve soil fertility. In degraded forest
areas, planting native tree species can restore forest structure,enhance carbon sequestration
capacity, and promote biodiversity recovery. Additionally, vegetation restoration technology
can be combined with other ecological restoration techniques (such as soil improvement and
water resource management) to enhance restoration effectiveness.
(2) Soil Improvement Technology
Soil improvement technology is a crucial means to restore the quality of degraded soils.
By improving soil structure, increasing organic matter content, and regulating soil pH levels,
it enhances soil productivity and ecological functions. Soil improvement techniques include
methods such as organic fertilizer application, bioremediation, and soil pH adjustment. For
example, in degraded farmland and mining areas, through the application of organic fertiliz-

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