Page 199 - 全球气候变化及其影响Global Climate Change and Its Impacts-185×260

Chapter V Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation

in achieving their emission reduction targets. For example, the European Union supports
developing countries with clean energy technologies through the “Horizon 2020” program;
the United States promotes international cooperation on clean technologies via the “Climate
Technology Initiative (CTI)”. Additionally, international technology cooperation platforms
(e.g., the International Renewable Energy Agency, IRENA) provide opportunities for techni-
cal exchange and collaboration among nations.
4. Regional and Subregional Cooperation
Regional and sub-regional cooperation serves as a crucial complement to cross-border
collaboration. Countries promote emission reduction and adaptation actions within regions
through regional climate agreements and cooperative platforms. For example, the European
Union drives cooperation among member states in climate change adaptation through its “EU
Adaptation Strategy”; ASEAN facilitates collaboration among member states in emission re-
duction and adaptation through the “ASEAN Agreement on Climate Change”. Additionally,
sub-regional cooperation platforms (e.g., the Great Lakes Climate Change Initiative) provide
countries with opportunities for collaboration.
(3) Challenges of Cross-border Cooperation
Although cross-border cooperation plays a vital role in addressing climate change, its
implementation still faces numerous challenges.
First, differences in interests and positions among countries on climate change issues
lead to slow progress in cooperation. Developed countries typically emphasize emission
reduction targets and financial commitments, while developing countries focus more on fi-
nancial and technological support, as well as the principle of “Common but Differentiated
Responsibilities.” These diverging interests frequently result in deadlocks in international
climate negotiations.
Second, the practical effectiveness of funding and technology transfer remains limited.
Although the Paris Agreement requires developed countries to provide $100 billion in annual
climate finance, the actual funding delivery remains suboptimal. Additionally, the efficiency
and effectiveness of technology transfer are constrained by multiple factors, such as intellec-
tual property protection, technological applicability, and capacity building.
Finally, the institutionalization and standardization of cross-border cooperation still
require strengthening. While international climate agreements and cooperation platforms
provide frameworks for cross-border collaboration, their enforcement and binding force need
enhancement. For example, although the Paris Agreement’s transparency framework requires
countries to regularly report emission reduction progress, its monitoring and evaluation
mechanisms still require further refinement.
(4) Future Outlook: Deepening Cross-Border Cooperation
Although cross-border cooperation faces numerous challenges, its role in global climate
governance remains irreplaceable. Moving forward, the international community needs to
deepen cooperation in the following areas to advance the further development of global cli-

• 191 •