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Global Climate Change and Its Impacts

IV. Prospects and Trend Analysis of Global Climate Change Mitigation
Strategies

(1) Implementation Pathways for Global Carbon Neutrality Goals
Achieving global carbon neutrality represents an immense systemic project requiring
coordinated efforts across multiple sectors including energy, industry, and transportation. En-
ergy transition remains the core priority, with nations intensifying investments in solar, wind,
hydro, and bioenergy development through policy support and financial commitments.
In solar energy, technological advancements never cease. Through improvements in
photo-voltaicThe continuous research, development, and improvement of materials, such
as exploring alternatives from traditional silicon-based materials to perovskite materials,
have consistently enhanced the conversion efficiency of solar cells. Meanwhile, economies
of scale and optimized production processes have driven steady cost reductions. For in-
stance, with the global expansion of solar cell production capacity, the manufacturing cost of
monocrystalline silicon cells over the past decadehas decreasedby approximately 80%. This
has propelled solar power’s growing share in the energy mix, establishing it as a vital pillar
in future energy supply systems. In wind energy, offshore wind power is poised for unprec-
edented rapid growth due to its unique advantages. Compared to onshore wind energy, off-
shore wind resources are more stable and potent, with wind speeds typically 20% higher than
onshore. As offshore wind technology matures, larger-scale and more efficient offshore wind
farms continue to emerge. For example, China’s Three Gorges Yangjiang Shapa Offshore
Wind Farm, with an installed capacity of 170 million kilowatts, can supply approximately 6.6
billion kilowatt-hours of clean electricity annually, gradually reshaping the energy landscape.
Industrial restructuring is an indispensable key link in achieving carbon neutrality
goals. Traditional high-energy-consuming industries such as steel, cement, and chemical
engineering have long been major carbon emitters. Under the carbon neutrality framework,
these industries will accelerate their transition to low-carbon production models. On one
hand, through adopting advanced energy-saving technologies like innovative waste heat re-
covery systems, industrial waste heat can be converted into electricity or thermal energy for
secondary utilization; efficient desulfurization and denitrification equipment can significantly
reduce pollutant emissions in exhaust gases. On the other hand, comprehensive optimization
of production processes combined with intelligent control systems enables precise manufac-
turing, improves energy efficiency, and reduces carbon emissions per unit product. For in-
stance, the steel industry can reduce energy consumption per ton of steel by more than 10%
through advanced blast furnace ironmaking technology. Meanwhile, emerging low-carbon
industries such as new energy vehicle manufacturing, energy-saving technology R&D, and
carbon capture and storage applications are experiencing vigorous growth. These industries
not only align with green development principles but also possess tremendous market poten-
tial, poised for rapid expansion to become crucial forces driving economic growth and car-
bon neutrality realization while leading new industrial trends.

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