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Global Climate Change and Its Impacts

newrenewable energy technologies and CCS technologies; organize international low-car-
bon technology exchange conferences to facilitate communication and cooperation among
researchers and corporate representatives worldwide, promote the advancement of global
low-carbon technologies, and support the smooth implementation of long-term climate
change mitigation strategies.

III. The Role of Economic Restructuring and Transformation in
Mitigation Strategies

(1) Transformation of Energy-Intensive Industries
Traditional energy-intensive industries such as steel, cement, and chemical manufac-
turing have long played a vital role in the global economic system. However, their develop-
ment models heavily rely on massive fossil fuel consumption, making them major sources
of greenhouse gas emissions and imposing significant negative impacts on global climate
change.
Taking the steel industry as an example, traditional blast furnace ironmaking processes
are characterized by intensive energy consumption andcarbon emissionsa major contribu-
tor. In the blast furnace ironmaking process, significant amounts of fossil fuels such as coke
are required to provide both the high-temperature heat and reducing agents needed for iron
ore reduction. This process not only consumes substantial valuable fossil energy resources
but also generates massive carbon dioxide emissions. Statistics show that traditional blast
furnace ironmaking may emit 1.5 to 2 tons of CO for every ton of steel produced. To funda-
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mentally transform this energy-intensive and high-emission scenario, promoting the transi-
tion of steel enterprises to advanced electric arc furnace steelmaking processes has become
imperative. Electric arc furnace steelmaking uses scrap steel as the primary raw material,
melting and refining it through electrical energy. Compared with blast furnace ironmaking,
this method eliminates the need for massive coke consumption, substantially reduces energy
usage, and significantly lowers CO emissions. Research indicates that adopting electric arc
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furnace steelmaking can reduce CO emissions to approximately 0.5-1 ton per ton of steel
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produced. Additionally, steel enterprises can actively implement waste heat recovery tech-
nologies. During steel production, substantial waste heat is generated - including heat carried
by blast furnace gas, converter gas, and high-temperature slag. By installing waste heat re-
covery equipment, this thermal energy can be converted into electricity or heat for internal
production processes or distributed to surrounding communities for heating purposes. This
approach not only enhances comprehensive energy utilization efficiency and reduces exter-
nal energy demands but also further decreases corporate carbon emissions.
The cement industry also faces severe emission reduction challenges. Traditional ce-
ment production processes require high-temperature calcination of raw materials such as
limestone, which consumes vast amounts of energy and releases significant CO emissions. It
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is estimated that global CO emissions from cement production account for 5% - 8% of total
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