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Chapter V Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation

Chapter V Strategies for Climate Change
Mitigation

Section 1 Policy Formulation and International
Cooperation

I. Historical Review of International Climate Agreements

International climate agreements are crucial tools for addressing global climate change.
Their development reflects the international community’s deepening understanding of cli-
mate change issues and the continuous improvement of cooperative mechanisms. From
the “Kyoto Protocol” to the “Paris Agreement,” the evolution of these agreements not only
demonstrates the progress of global climate governance but also provides an essential frame-
work for nations to formulate climate change mitigation policies.
(1) “Kyoto Protocol”: A Milestone in Global Climate Governance
The Kyoto Protocol is a legally binding international agreement adopted in 1997 by the
Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC). It aims to mitigate global climate change by setting greenhouse gas emission
reduction targets. The protocol established the first legally binding emission reduction targets
for developed countries, requiring them to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by an average of
5.2% below 1990 levels during the period 2008-2012. Its core mechanisms include “Emis-
sions Trading,” the “Clean Development Mechanism (CDM),” and “Joint Implementation
(JI),” designed to promote emission reductions through market mechanisms and economic
incentives.
1. Emissions Trading Mechanism
The Emissions Trading Mechanism is one of the core innovations of the Kyoto Pro-
tocol, allowing developed countries to achieve emission reduction targets through market
transactions. Specifically, this mechanism permits a country that has exceeded its emission
reduction targets to sell its surplus “emission quotas” to another country that has failed to
meet its targets, thereby achieving emissionreduction costsof emission reduction costs. This
mechanism not only enhances emission reduction efficiency but also provides developed
countries with flexible pathways to achieve their targets.
2. Clean DevelopmentMechanism (CDM)
Clean DevelopmentMechanism is another significant innovation of the Kyoto Protocol,
aiming to promote cooperation between developed and developing countries. By imple-
menting emission reduction projects in developing nations, it assists developed countries in
achieving their emission reduction targets. CDM projects typically involve renewable energy,

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